Asia
The full name of Asia is Asia Asia, accounting for one third of the world's land area.
Geographical Division (West Asia Division was created by this website)
China, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea and Japan in East Asia.
Southeast Asia Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
South Asia Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia.
Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen in West Asia, Arabian Peninsula.
Low-lying countries in West Asia such as Plus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria.
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey
North Asia and Siberia (that is, eastern Russia)
Europe and the United States call Asia Minor, the eastern Mediterranean and the Caucasus the Near East; ; The Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf coast are called the Middle East; . East Asia, Southeast Asia and Siberia are called the Far East.
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Oceania
Oceania, more than 20 thousand islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Three island groups: Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia.
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Africa
The full name of Africa is Africa in Africa, and the equator crosses the continent. It covers an area of about 30.2 million square kilometers, accounting for about 20% of the world's total land area, making it the second largest continent in the world. The total population is about 800 million.
There are 53 independent countries in Africa. The status of Western Sahara is uncertain. Reunion island is a French overseas province. St Helena is a "direct colony" of Britain.
Africa is a tropical continent with high temperature, little rain and dryness. However, in a few areas, such as the Mediterranean coast and plateau areas, the climate is cool, and even the seasons are like spring.
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Africa has a straight coastline (not as long as Europe) and few peninsulas and bays.
The terrain is relatively flat, and it is a plateau continent. The Ethiopian plateau is called the "roof of Africa", with an altitude of over 65,438+0,000m. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa, and the sea cucumber is 5895 meters high.
Africa has the largest desert in the world: the Sahara Desert, which spans the northern part of the whole African continent and covers an area of 9.2 million square kilometers, accounting for one third of the total area of Africa. There are Namibian desert and kalahari desert in the southwest.
The Great Rift Valley in East Africa is the longest rift valley in the world, with a total length of about 6,400 kilometers, starting from the Schiller Estuary in the east and crossing the Red Sea to the north of the Dead Sea. There are many canyons, rapids and waterfalls in rivers, which are rich in hydraulic resources, but they are not conducive to navigation. Major rivers: Nile, Congo, Niger, senegal river, volta river, etc. Flowing into the Atlantic Ocean; The Zambezi, limpopo river and Juba rivers flow into the Indian Ocean. Most lakes in Africa are concentrated in the East African Plateau, and the Great Lakes are part of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa: Lake Malawi, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Kivu, Lake Edward, Lake Zobert, Lake Victoria and Lake Turkana. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake in the world. Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest lake in the world. In addition, Lake Tana, located on the Ethiopian Plateau, is the highest lake in Africa, with an altitude of 1, 830 meters. Lake Chad is the largest lake in the inland basin.
Africa is rich in natural resources. Oil, natural gas, iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, uranium, phosphate, gold and diamonds have long enjoyed a good reputation.
There are more than 40,000 species of plants in Africa, many of which are rare or endemic. Africa's forest area accounts for 265,438+0% of the total area, and there are various precious woods such as redwood, ebony, rosewood, koba, ebony, camphor, alder, walnut, lacquer, cork oak and so on, which are rich in reserves. Africa has vast grasslands, accounting for 27% of the total area, and has great potential for animal husbandry. Africa is also rich in fishery resources. Many areas have been opened as animal reserves.
Africa is economically backward, which is the continent with the lowest level of economic development in the world. Agriculture is the pillar of African economy, with weak industrial base and backward management and technology. Transportation is also in a backward state.
Africa is one of the cradles of mankind, with many splendid ancient civilizations. Since modern times, African countries have been conquered by European colonists one by one; Most countries became independent after 1960.
Most ethnic groups in Africa are in a tribal state, with a large number of tribes and some deep-rooted contradictions, which often lead to wars.
United States of America
Generally speaking, the United States is divided into South America/North America.
North America can be subdivided into Central America and the Caribbean.
Due to language reasons, the southern part of the United States is often called Latin America.
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Europe
Europe is the abbreviation of Europe, located in the Eastern Hemisphere, west of Asia. With an area of 1.0 1.6 million square kilometers, it is the sixth largest continent in the world. With a population of over 700 million, it is the most densely populated continent.
Europe has 46 independent countries and many dependent countries.
Europe has many peninsulas, islands and bays with a coastline of 38,000 square kilometers, making it the most tortuous continent in the world.
Europe is dominated by plains, followed by plateaus, hills and mountains over 200 meters above sea level. The European plain stretches for thousands of miles from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Urals (the dividing line between Europe and Asia) in the east.
The Alps are the largest mountain range in Europe, spanning the south. There is Caucasus Mountain in the southeast, and its main peak, Elbrus, is 5642 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Europe.
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Europe has a dense river network. The main rivers are Volga, Danube, ural river, Dnieper, Don, Rhine, Rhone and Thames. There are many lakes and many small lakes.
Most parts of Europe have a humid and warm climate and are rich in natural resources.
Antarctica
* * * With the protection of land. Geographical coordinates: 90 00 s000e
The area is about 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers. There is basically no permanent population.
(1) land and sea overview
So far, the earth is the only elliptical sphere with a radius of 63,765,438+0 km, and human beings can sustain themselves. The volume of seawater is 1/800 of that of the earth. The surface area of the earth is 5 10/00000 square kilometers, and the ratio of ocean area to land area is about 7: 3. The earth's surface can be roughly divided into seven parts: the Arctic Ocean at the top of the earth, Antarctica at the bottom, and the world islands in the middle-Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, North and South America and Atlantic Ocean. According to the size of the area, it is:
1. Pacific Ocean1800,000 square kilometers
The Atlantic Ocean is 93 million square kilometers.
3. Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania (equivalent to the area of the Atlantic Ocean) are 93 million square kilometers.
The Indian Ocean has 75 million square kilometers.
5. 42 million square kilometers in North and South America
6. Antarctica140,000 square kilometers.
7. Arctic Ocean130,000 square kilometers.
Among them, the ocean is 36 1 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for more than 2/3 of the earth's surface area, and 7 1% is divided into four oceans; Land1490,000 square kilometers, accounting for 29% of the earth's surface area, less than 1/3, divided into seven continents. The Antarctic is 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers, which is currently uninhabited. The land area inhabited by human beings is actually 6.5438+0.35 million square kilometers, accounting for 26.47% of the earth's surface area, a little over a quarter. Equivalent to 13 of the area of China.
(2) General situation of the ocean
The ocean area on the earth's surface is 36 1 10,000 square kilometers, of which the Pacific Ocean accounts for 49.8%, the Atlantic Ocean for 26%, the Indian Ocean for 20% and the Arctic Ocean for 4.2%. The Pacific Ocean accounts for nearly half of the world's ocean area, and the other three oceans, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, each account for half.
Pacific Ocean1796,800 square kilometers, equivalent to South America 10 and China 18, accounting for 35.2% of the earth's surface area, exceeding13, with an average water depth of 4,028 meters and a seawater volume of 723.7 million cubic kilometers. The Pacific Ocean accounts for 49.8% of the world's ocean area, almost half. The widest from east to west 19900 km, and the widest from north to south 15900 km. Bering Strait is connected to the Arctic Ocean in the north, Panama Canal, strait of magellan and Drake Strait are connected to the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Malacca Strait, sunda strait Strait and Lombok Strait are connected to the Indian Ocean in the west, and Indian Ocean Dome, Torres Strait and Timor Sea are connected to the Indian Ocean in the southeast. There are more than 2,600 large islands in the Pacific Ocean, which can be simply summarized into three groups and one arc: One arc is an arc-shaped archipelago distributed on the overseas side of the northern, western and southwestern edges of the Pacific Ocean, including the Kuril Islands such as Aleutian Islands, Japanese Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan Province Province, the Philippines and Indonesian Islands. These islands are close to the mainland, with large area, many harbors, strong supply capacity and great military use value. Three groups: three islands in the central Pacific: Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Melanesian islands include Solomon, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Micronesia is a tiny archipelago, including Caroline, Mariana and gilbert islands; Polynesian islands include Hawaii, midway and society islands. For example, Cologne Islands, Hawaii Islands, Guam, Midway Island and Ryukyu Islands in Panama Basin are facing Shanghai and Okinawa Islands, so we must pay attention to them. The geographical location of these islands is of great significance to China's global outlook.
The Atlantic Ocean covers an area of 93.37 million square kilometers, with a length of 15742 kilometers from north to south and a width of 6852 kilometers from east to west, accounting for 26% of the world's ocean area, with an average water depth of 3627 meters and a seawater volume of 33.77 million cubic kilometers. It is equivalent to the sum of the areas of Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania. There are many islands in the Atlantic Ocean, such as the large and small Antilles, Cape Verde Islands, Madeira Islands, Cuba, Haiti and so on in the Caribbean, so we must pay attention to them.
The Indian Ocean is 74.92 million square kilometers, accounting for about 20% of the world's ocean area, with an average water depth of 3,897 meters and a seawater volume of 2910.95 million cubic kilometers. Indian Ocean plays a very important role in the world's oceans. If you control the Indian Ocean, you have the key to the world economy. The Indian Ocean enters and exits the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean is very convenient. It is the hub of the world's four oceans, and the Persian Gulf is the oil lifeline of the world economy. The geographical position of southeast African countries on the west coast of the Indian Ocean is also of great significance to us. In the Indian Ocean, Diego Garcia Naval Base in the United States is naturally the focus of our attention. Gan Island in Maldives is 2.7 square kilometers, which is where we may set up a military base in the Indian Ocean.
The Arctic Ocean has the smallest area of 1365438+ 10,000 square kilometers. Smaller than Antarctica140,000 square kilometers. The widest point of the Arctic Ocean is about 4233 kilometers, and the narrowest point is 1.900 kilometers. Although the Arctic Ocean is small, it is of great strategic significance. Because starting from the Arctic Ocean, the distance to the western developed countries is the shortest. The existence of national naval strategic submarines in the Arctic Ocean is not only easy to hide because of the existence of ice in the Arctic Ocean, but also easy to be attacked because it is closest to the developed countries in the world. The average water depth of the Arctic Ocean is1.296m, and the seawater volume is 1.698 billion cubic kilometers.