In equity management, how to ensure the interests of investors (or parent companies) after their participation or holding? Z

Recently, in an investment activity, the company lost tens of millions because of the problem of equity management, so I would like to ask prawns to express their views on equity management! Specifically divided into the following situations: 1, absolute holding (refers to holding more than 5 1% shares). 2. Relative holding. There are two situations here: one is that the company is a major shareholder, but two or more other shareholders are related, and the sum of their shares is greater than the company; The other is that the company is a major shareholder, and other shareholders have nothing to do with it. 3. No holding. This equity relationship may exist in merger, acquisition or pure investment, so how to ensure the interests of the company in the above three cases is derived. How to formulate corresponding clauses in the articles of association of the new company in view of the above three situations to ensure the interests of investors? If the senior managers are related persons or unrelated outsiders of other investors, how can they be restrained accordingly, without limiting their abilities and suppressing their initiative? Finally, financial monitoring is also a problem? Short answer: 1, absolutely holding. In this case, for major shareholders, as long as financial control can be achieved. The method is to send financial personnel to audit regularly to keep abreast of the financial situation of the holding company. In addition, strategic management and control can also be carried out at the strategic level, such as designing strategic planning, planning and business assessment for the senior management of holding companies. 2. Relative holding is mainly achieved through the control of the overall financial management by the chairman (general manager). At the same time, it is necessary to realize the financial supervision and audit of the company by the controlling shareholder. In this case, it depends on the decision-making weight of major shareholders in the board of directors, which is very important to the interests of controlling shareholders. 3. When not holding shares, as shareholders, financial supervision should be realized through the board of supervisors and independent auditors to ensure their own interests. As a shareholder, you can also access financial information for review. This is a very important right. In the state of absolute holding, the parent company's strategic control over its subsidiaries can only be achieved through the directors and senior management personnel sent by the company, and there can be no such control in the company's articles of association, otherwise legal risks will easily occur. Relative to holding and shareholding, we should actively strive for the basic rights of shareholders and realize these rights in the company's articles of association. For example, the board of supervisors, such as the rights and interests of minority shareholders as stipulated in the company law.