1 The implementation of agent construction system provides opportunities for the development of project management companies.
According to the investment system reform plan drafted by the National Development and Reform Commission and adopted by the the State Council principle, the agent construction system refers to the system that the government selects a professional project management company (hereinafter referred to as the agent construction unit) to be responsible for the investment management and construction organization and implementation of the project, and delivers it to use after the project is completed. During the period of agent construction, the agent construction unit shall be the investor of the project construction in accordance with the contract, and the relevant administrative departments shall keep the approval procedures for the agent construction project unchanged.
Agent construction system is an advanced and mature project legal person operation mode in the world. In China, it is an important measure and a new attempt to optimize the management of government investment projects. Compared with the traditional construction project operation mode, the agent construction project has changed from the integration of construction, management and operation in the past to a brand-new operation mode with the separation of investment, construction, management and operation. After the implementation of the agent construction model, the functions of government departments have shifted from managing specific projects to managing standardized markets. Among them, the government departments should be responsible for reviewing the project, bidding, budget and construction plan, arranging the capital plan, supervising the execution of the contract by the agent construction unit, and organizing the completion acceptance and handover. The implementation of agent construction system can solve the problems existing in the current government investment management system, such as the integration of project construction units and users, the softening of government investment constraints, the lack of experience in infrastructure management of project units, and the lack of risk prevention and control mechanism for over-investment.
In the past, institutions needed to increase building facilities, or cities needed to increase large-scale public buildings (state-invested construction projects), all of which were applied to the state and invested by government departments after examination. The user is Party A, and the construction unit (construction unit) is Party B. The supervision company appearing in the project is responsible for Party A, and is specifically responsible for assisting Party A to supervise the project quality and construction period. In this process, the government completely decentralized the right to use funds, and the original role of the investor gave way to the applicant, and its management and supervision functions were greatly weakened. The experience of engineering construction proves that in order to increase the use function, Party A often changes the design at will and applies for additional investment from the government. As a result, the investment has been continuously broken through in the construction, the construction period has been delayed again and again, and even the function does not match the quality. In this mode of operation, due to the variability of funds, construction period and quality, its low efficiency, high cost and chaotic links are inevitable.
Implementing agent construction system, relying on professionals and socialized management will effectively improve the construction level, reduce management costs, improve the transparency of government investment projects and facilitate supervision and management. At the same time, it can make relevant departments and units avoid organizing and managing the specific affairs of project implementation, and solve the problems of amateur owners, decentralized management and repeated establishment of institutions. It embodies the regular requirements of the development of specialized modern production and is conducive to promoting the functional transformation of government departments.
Of course, in order to successfully implement the agent construction system, a project management market must be established. However, the reality is that the existing engineering project management companies in China not only have a big gap with international engineering project companies in terms of technical level and management ability, but also cannot meet the domestic market demand in quantity. Therefore, it has become a very urgent problem to transform and cultivate a number of project management companies that are in line with international standards.
2 How to speed up the cultivation and development of project management companies
In view of the fact that there are still a large number of non-professionals directly managing construction projects, we should speed up the cultivation and development of project management companies according to China's actual situation and learn from foreign practices.
2. 1 Establish a project management company based on the design institute
The organic combination of engineering technology and project management is the basic condition for establishing a project management company. On the basis of drawing lessons from similar foreign experiences, we must combine our national conditions and the specific characteristics of various professional projects. In Germany, project management companies are consulting engineers set up by architects and structural engineers to provide project management services. Due to the education system in Germany, architects and structural engineers are not only familiar with engineering design, but also familiar with site construction management and organization, and even more familiar with contract management. This is basically similar to the domestic situation and can be used for reference. For example, industrial projects have the characteristics of strong technology and complex systems, and survey, design and consulting units are most familiar with project technology, equipment performance, operation, cost, progress and quality. Therefore, it is a direction to carry out functional reform based on large design institutes and establish an international project management company. Small and medium-sized engineering consulting and design companies with strong professionalism can also operate and develop according to the model of engineering consulting companies. The key is to have the ability of engineering consultation (design) and project management. Civil construction projects are not completely equivalent to industrial projects, and should be developed according to their own characteristics.
2.2 Vigorously cultivate project management professionals
Over the past ten years, China has made remarkable achievements in project management, and at the same time, it has also brought up a large number of project management talents. However, due to many objective reasons, such as the late start of project management in China, nonstandard industry and imperfect legal system, China's project management lags far behind western developed countries, and the quality of project management talents is generally low. Senior project management talents who really understand technology and are good at management are quite scarce. There are few and far between chief engineer-level management talents who can lead the overall situation and be consistent. In addition, the internationalization and informatization of project management are forming a trend and a realistic trend. In order to meet the increasingly fierce international market and the arrival of the era of knowledge economy, it has become an urgent and arduous task for China's project management community to cultivate compound and high-quality project management talents.
Developed countries attach great importance to the training and qualification identification of project management professionals, forming a considerable scale industry. PMP examination and project management qualification certificate sponsored by American PMI Association have been recognized by the society. People who have obtained PMP have more opportunities to be employed and adopted by government departments and large companies, but the systematic research and industry practice of project management in China started late, so the training of project management talents is relatively backward. In order to improve the quality of project managers in China, it is necessary to combine theoretical training with practical training according to the characteristics of engineering construction. We should adhere to the combination of basic education in universities and on-the-job training in industry organizations, and combine domestic training with foreign training. It is necessary to regularly carry out domestic and foreign experience exchanges and special seminars on project management disciplines; The association should undertake the important task of carrying out theoretical research, practical experience exchange and professional training of project management, and strive to publish professional publications. Colleges and universities should set up disciplines, master's and doctoral programs, and cultivate a group of high-quality project management talents with strong professional knowledge, knowledge of economy, law, management, computers and foreign languages.
2.3 the development of information project management
With the advent of the network into thousands of households and the era of knowledge economy, the informationization of project management has become an inevitable trend. As the latest computer technology and network technology, the popularization and application speed in enterprise management is amazing, and it shows an accelerated development trend. This has brought many new features to project management. Today, with the rapid expansion of information, project management relies more and more on computers. At present, some project management companies in western developed countries have applied computer network technology to project management and started to realize networking and virtualization of project management. In addition, many project management companies have begun to widely use project management software, and are also engaged in the development and research of project management software. There are indications that the project management in 2 1 century will rely more on computer technology and network technology, and the project management in the new century will surely become information management. Therefore, China's engineering project management companies must implement information-based project management. Only in this way can we shorten the gap with engineering project management companies in developed countries and occupy a place in the increasingly competitive international market.
2.4 Develop and implement project management integration as soon as possible to improve the project management level.
Creating an engineering company and a project management company is not a simple renaming, nor is it enough for a few technical professionals to register a company. The world's leading engineering company has a history of more than 100 years, which is characterized by strong strength, wide professional scope, rich engineering management experience and business all over the world. Their skills and experience are not only in people's minds, but also have scientific and standardized management systems, management procedures and methods. More importantly, these companies have powerful computer integrated systems, and technology and management are fully combined to form rich resources. The so-called project management integration is a process of using systematic methods of project management, systematically integrating project-related resources, and rationally using project management technologies and application tools to maximize project management benefits. Project integration management includes two levels of integration. One is to complete the integration of design, procurement and construction business processes based on engineering database and management database. The second is the integration of schedule, cost, resources and quality management based on engineering database and management database. The integration of project management is of great significance to improve the core competitiveness of project management companies.
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