Yellow phosphorus is a colorless waxy crystal with a smell similar to garlic. English name: phosphorus, yellow, molecular formula P4. The molecular weight is 124.08. The relative density is 1.82(20℃). The melting point is 44.65438 0℃. The boiling point is 280℃. The relative density of steam is 4.3. Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as fat and carbon disulfide. It can spontaneously ignite in the air at room temperature, and is easily oxidized into phosphorus trioxide and phosphorus pentoxide, so it is often stored in water. Yellow phosphorus vapor can be oxidized into hypophosphorous acid and phosphoric acid when it meets wet air. Light green fluorescence can be seen in the dark. At present, the total output of China ranks first in the world. There are hundreds of yellow phosphorus production plants, and the production facilities are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hunan provinces. The yellow phosphorus production capacity of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces exceeds 80% of the whole country. Because the production of yellow phosphorus consumes a lot of energy and has a great impact on the surrounding environment, it belongs to a high-energy and high-pollution industry, so developed countries transfer the production of yellow phosphorus to developing countries.
The production process of yellow phosphorus is relatively simple. Phosphate rock, silica and coke are put into an electric furnace according to a certain proportion and particle size, and decomposition and reduction reactions occur at a high temperature of 1000 degrees. The phosphorus steam and furnace ash are cooled and washed to obtain the product, and the high-temperature slag is directly discharged from the electric furnace.
Yellow phosphorus is mainly used as raw materials for preparing red phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphorus compounds, and also as pesticides and rodenticides.
China's main yellow phosphorus producers: Guiyang Hao Jie Industry and Trade, Yunnan Minmetals Xinhua, Jiaxing Jiahua Logistics, Danjiangkou Phosphorus Chemical Industry, Sino-German Phosphorus Industry, Gezhouba Phosphorus Chemical Industry, Hubei Jingxiang Chemical Industry Group, Xiangfan Gao Long Phosphorus Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Hubei Xingfa, Sichuan Chen Lin Group, Chuantou Electric Metallurgy, Linshan Yellow Phosphorus Factory, Anda Phosphorus Chemical Industry, Kaiyang Phosphorus Chemical Industry, Xifeng Phosphorus Mine, Guizhou Lin Kai, etc.
Vigorously develop fine phosphate products with yellow phosphorus as raw material: the phosphate industry is a highly competitive industry, and whoever wins the market will win the initiative. Many products of phosphate are multi-purpose, and new uses can be continuously developed in practice. If some products are classified into feed grade, food grade and electronic grade according to impurity content, with the improvement of product grade, the benefits can be greatly improved, and some even doubled. Phosphate products belong to the category of fine chemical industry, and its production technology is very confidential. Although China has made some achievements in this field, there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries, there are still many products to be developed and many fields are still blank. In the future, efforts should be made in refining and deep-processing phosphate product technology to develop high value-added product technology. For example, in foreign refined yellow phosphorus products, the yellow phosphorus refined by phosphine is mainly used in the electronic industry, and its sales price is ten times that of the existing yellow phosphorus market in China. The development of fine phosphorus chemical industry in China is relatively backward, with few product varieties, incomplete quality specifications and relatively low standards. Variety breeding, technology development and application research are weak. There are few products with different specifications for different industries and uses, which are used in electronic information, aerospace, precision machinery, daily chemical industry, petrochemical industry, environmental protection coatings, functional materials and so on.