10 On June 26th, a large cargo drone AT200 developed by Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langxing UAV Company, Aviation Industry 6 18, CLP 54, Aerospace 773 and Xigong University successfully made its first flight at Neifu Airport in Pucheng, Shaanxi Province, marking the birth of the world's first tonnage cargo drone. After taxiing, taking off and climbing to a predetermined height, the plane enters the cruise section and hovers for two weeks, then enters the landing route and lands smoothly. The whole flight lasted for 26 minutes, and the aircraft was in stable state, tracking accurately and meeting the design requirements.
AT200 UAV is equipped with advanced flight control system and command system, completely getting rid of the dependence on pilots. It can realize the "one-button autonomous take-off and landing" of the aircraft in the command center and control multiple drones at the same time. During this period, it is only necessary to monitor the state of the UAV, and if necessary, the flight state can be changed through the simple operation of the UAV flight controller, which greatly reduces the freight cost and the difficulty of UAV operation.
This drone is based on the New Zealand P750XL small transport plane, equipped with Pratt & Whitney PT6A turboprop engine, with a maximum horsepower of 750 shafts. The total length 1 1.84m, wingspan 12.80m, height 4.04m, maximum takeoff weight 3.4t, warehouse volume 10 m3, payload 1.5t ... cruising speed 31. The shortest takeoff distance is only 32 meters, and the shortest landing distance is 50 meters. When the cargo is fully loaded, it can take off within 200 meters, and the landing distance is only 166 meters.
The picture shows China Shandong General Aviation P750 light aircraft. The upper floor of P750 is a passenger cabin with a passenger capacity of 10, and the lower floor is an independent cargo hold with a load of 454 kg. China already has the production capacity of P-750 aircraft. Beijing General Aviation Co., Ltd. and New Zealand Pacific Aerospace Co., Ltd. signed a letter of intent to jointly produce P750 single-engine multi-purpose turboprop aircraft, and formally introduced the P750 aircraft production line to China. The first domestic production line of P750 aircraft is located in Changzhou, Jiangsu.
In addition to the successful first flight of the AT200 UAV, there are several cargo UAVs under development in China. Domestic Yun -5B transport aircraft are selected for these projects. In the era of high-speed jet aircraft, this low-speed biplane light transport aircraft is different from others, but it occupies a special position in the aviation history of the world and even China. This is Antonov II transport plane, which is also the common Yun -5 transport plane in China. This kind of old aircraft that has been eliminated by most countries will be rejuvenated in the field of cargo drones.
First, Yun -5B technology is mature, safe and reliable. Based on redundant sensor, controller and actuator architecture, and high-stability two-wing pneumatic layout, the reliability of large cargo UAV based on Yun -5B can achieve one million flight hours without accidents. Second, the model source of Yun -5B is relatively stable. Yun -5 is an An -2 transport plane copied by China from the Soviet Union. It was once heavily equipped with the PLA Air Force for short-distance transport and skydiving training. In 1980s, an improved Yun -5B was introduced, which adopted an advanced Polish engine and equipped with wingtip sails, and its performance was greatly improved. Yun -5B is still being produced in small batches. Shijiazhuang Aircraft Factory will produce more than a dozen Yun -5B aircraft every year for domestic procurement needs.
For example, FM- 15 unmanned freighter announced in July this year. This large UAV was developed by Fanmei Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. and modified from Yun -5B, the first self-made transport aircraft in China. Maximum load 1.5 tons, full range 1 000 kilometers, minimum takeoff distance of 50-70 meters, and it can take off and land at any domestic navigable airport. In August this year, Fanmei Airlines reached a cooperation with a local government in Jiangxi, and obtained an industrial guidance fund of 50 million yuan in the first year and 200 million yuan in three years. At present, the design scheme has been completed and the prototype has entered the production stage, and it can make its first flight next summer.
However, the picture of FM/KOOC-0/5 posted on the company's website uses the picture of Russian An -2MS, which is a major modification of An -2. The first flight of 20/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/uses the American Honeywell TPE-33/KOOC-0/-KOOC-0/2 turboprop engine. So far, only 60 turboprop engines have been mass-produced.
2065438+On September 29th, 2007, the unmanned transformation project of Yun -5 transport aircraft of AVIC Tianxin Navigation Company started at Shandan Lake Airport in Shihezi, Xinjiang. It is planned to upgrade two Yun -5 transport planes and conduct a test flight in September next year. The reformed UAV is mainly used in the field of logistics and transportation, which can make full use of airspace and routes. After unmanned manned aircraft, it will play a very important role in night flight.
It used to be said that Yun -5 transport plane can be used as stealth machine because of its wooden canvas material. It's actually just an exaggerated joke. Yun -5 is not stealth. It's just the non-metallic canvas material in the lower part of the wing main beam, and the fuselage is all-metal semi-hard shell structure. The skin is all metal. Even inside the canvas structure of the main girder, there are a large number of metal welded structures, which belong to strong radar reflection sources. Therefore, when Yun -5 flies in the air, the radar reflection signal is likely to be stronger than the third-generation fighter such as J-10. The advantage of Yun -5 is its good low-altitude flight performance. In the past war years, it can rely on ultra-low altitude flight to avoid the detection of enemy ground radar.
It sounds a bit far away from us to transform the transport plane originally driven by pilots into drones and use them in the field of transportation, but it is really not a dream. China made this attempt 58 years ago.
1959 65438+1October 3 1, the first unmanned plane in new China, "Beijing No.5", was indeed unmanned on the plane inspected by the air force, aviation department and Beijing leaders. After locking, it automatically flew into the blue sky of the Capital Airport, remotely controlled various postures to fly on a certain range of routes in the air, and finally landed safely and automatically, realizing the first successful flight of China's unmanned aerial vehicle. Beijing V is based on the An -2 transport aircraft imported from the Soviet Union. The picture shows the Beijing No.5 ground remote control equipment. The UAV pilot uses the analog control steering wheel to control the attitude of the aircraft. Although Beijing V adopted the electromechanical flight simulation remote control system, and the whole UAV is more like a large model airplane, it is a valuable attempt by China people in the field of UAV.
At present, Yun -5B modified cargo UAV is very modern, equipped with advanced flight control system and command system, which can remotely control the autonomous take-off and landing of the aircraft in the command center, and can control multiple UAVs at the same time, completely getting rid of the dependence on pilots, greatly reducing the freight cost and the difficulty of UAV operation.
Cargo drones have amazing take-off and landing capabilities. For example, Yun 5B can take off and land on dirt roads and fields. The shortest take-off distance is only 50 meters, and the flying height at low altitude can reach 5 meters. The advantage of ultra-short take-off and landing distance can make the plane take off and land easily on the runway, even on slopes and grasslands, and solve the take-off and landing problems in hard-to-reach areas such as high altitude, mountains and islands. In view of its strong adaptability to the environment, the aircraft has great potential in military transportation, especially for temporary replenishment of people trapped in special terrain and material support for outposts in plateau areas and islands far from the mainland.
From the earliest announcement of Amazon's last mile cargo plan for unmanned aerial vehicles to JD.COM, SF has joined in one after another, and the logistics competition for unmanned aerial vehicles has become increasingly fierce. In the future, a three-level unmanned air transportation network of "large unmanned transport aircraft+regional large unmanned aerial vehicle+terminal small unmanned aerial vehicle" will be built to realize intelligent air transportation of logistics transportation.