Sexual taste: cold in nature and sweet in taste.
Meridian tropism: liver meridian; Heart meridian; bladder meridian
Functions: clearing away heat and diuresis, preventing miscarriage and stopping bleeding, and detoxifying.
Indications: It can be used to treat common cold and fever, measles and high fever, urinary tract infection, nephritis and edema, abdominal pain of pregnant women, restless fetal movement, threatened abortion, traumatic injury, fracture, swelling and pain, and hemorrhagic diseases.
Administration and dosage: for oral administration: decoction, 5-30g; Or mash the juice. External use: appropriate amount, freshly pounded; Or cook soup and smoke.
Contraindications: Use with caution for those without excess heat. Classic of Materia Medica: "It is not suitable for people with weak stomach and diarrhea, and it is not suitable for those who are not affected by blood heat."
Source of medicinal materials: the root of ramie ..) Gao De. Vulgar things. Urticaceae.
Harvest and storage: dig in winter and spring, wash and dry in the sun.
Handling:
1. Take the original medicinal material of ramie root, remove impurities, wash it, fully moisten it, cut it into thick slices, and air dry it.
4. The true story of medicine: calcination. At present, take clean slices of ramie roots, put them in a pot, heat them with strong fire, fry them until the surface is black and the inside is yellow, spray a little water to extinguish the sparks, take them out and let them cool thoroughly.
3. Ramie leaves are edible, and it is a custom to make steamed buns with ramie leaves and rice flour in July and a half in yingtan, Jiangxi.
Characters of decoction pieces:
Hemp root is round or quasi-round, with light yellow wood and several concentric rings in the middle, fibrous and grayish brown skin. Surrounding taupe to taupe. Slight gas, light taste, slightly sticky to chew. The surface of ramie root charcoal is dark, the inside is brown and the taste is slightly bitter.
Pharmacology: soaking the artificial wounds of rats and mice with wild ramie extract can reduce the amount of bleeding and shorten the bleeding time; Such as oral administration or intraperitoneal injection to mice, the same effect can be obtained. After intramuscular injection of hemagglutinating agent in rabbits, the coagulation time was shortened, but the platelet count did not change significantly. Covering the liver and kidney wounds of rats with cotton wool soaked in blood coagulation has no obvious hemostatic effect. It was found from the study of ramie components that caffeic acid had obvious hemostatic effect, so hemagglutinin (caffeic acid diethylamine salt) was synthesized artificially and injected intravenously into rabbits at 7mg/kg or intraperitoneally into mice at 10mg/20g, which significantly shortened the clotting time and bleeding time. Hemagglutinin has no anti-fibrinolytic effect in vitro, but it can significantly increase the white blood cells and platelets of mice irradiated by 60Co.
Toxicity: The toxicity of hemagglutinin amine is extremely low, and the LD50 of intraperitoneal injection in mice is 1583 80 mg/kg. Intravenous injection has no obvious effect on blood pressure and respiration in rabbits, and continuous intravenous injection 10 day has no effect on ECG, liver and kidney function.
clinical
1. Bamboo root powder (Comprehensive Record of Promoting granulation) can cure hematemesis: ramie root, ginseng, chalk and clam powder each 10g. Take 4 flavors, mash them into powder, 2g each, and mix glutinous rice, regardless of time. Hemp root in the prescription stops bleeding and is the monarch medicine.
Treatment of habitual abortion (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine): ramie dry root 30g, lotus seed and yam each 15g. Decoct with water. In the prescription, ramie root can prevent miscarriage and is the monarch drug.
[13] ("Shi Mei Ji Fang") Treating fetal movement in pregnancy, suddenly pouring yellow juice such as glue or small bean juice, abdominal pain can not be ninja; Bamboo root (peeled and diced) 15g, silver 1, 9 liters of water and 4 liters of water. Each portion is water 1l and wine 0.5l, and it is decocted to 1l, and divided into two portions (one side does not need silver). In the prescription, ramie root is the monarch drug.
The exposition of famous scholars
1. Sparse vegetation: It is also hemp, with dozens of stems, rooted in the ground, born in spring, and not planted at one year old. Between Jingyang and Jingyang, harvest at the age of one. Today it is planted in the official garden. It will be born when it is mowed at the age of two. If bamboo shaves its surface, the thick skin will be removed, if it is tough, it will be boiled and taken away, which is called the emblem. This kind of hemp is used for cloth in South Vietnam today.
4. "Shu Herbs": Miao Zhang Gao has arrived, and southerners peel his skin into cloth and pick it in February and August. All in Jiangnan.
[13] Materia Medica: Ramie is like a nettle, with flowers as long as poplars, with dozens of spikes per spike, bluish white.
4. Outline: Bamboo can be scraped, washed and boiled to save the famine and taste sweet. Its son is brown, harvested in September and can be planted in February. Perennial root was born by himself.
⒌ "Saint Ji Nong": Bamboo, the art of planting: planting seeds, the first hemp is good, the rest is useless. First, Frost harvested the seeds, dried them in the sun, mixed them evenly with sand, and put them in the basket. Try using water when you meet a seed, and it will sink best. Yichun is deeply planted, and sandy soil is the best, followed by two soils. Dig the soil three or four times to make the border half a step wide and four or five steps long, wet it with half a liter, mix it well, sweep it with a broom after paving, and pull out the grass when it germinates. Happy and moist, not dry, but dry with water. The seedlings are about three inches high, and fertile soil is selected for border planting, and it will take three to five years for future generations to cut. When bamboo is in full bloom, it is suitable to dig new branches around and transplant them, so that the undergraduate course will grow out. Or after three or five years, transplant the most prosperous root home from one bed to another. This bed is both prosperous and excavated. If this generation is endless, it can be planted every month, but it is best to raise it well. Roots and seedlings should be collected under the room and parked in the open space with plastic film. If the root sees the stars and the moon, it becomes wild and useless. Use chaff, roast, excrement, water, especially pig excrement, to plant roots, cut them into half feet with a knife, plant them horizontally, with each hole two or three feet apart, 51 feet apart, and mow them the next year. If the roots of the family are hard for a long time, they should be planted separately. If you want to go far, you will never see the light of day.
[6] Textual research on plant names and facts: ramie is second only to Belu. The book of agricultural administration says that bamboo is not suitable for silk removal, nor is it suitable for cold in the north. Textual research on disaster relief materia medica, ramie root is sweet, and cooking is sweet. There are also species in the countryside of Xuzhou. Gai has been working on cotton since Huaibei, keeping out the cold for a long time and temporarily keeping out the summer heat. For the purpose of cultivation, only the city is cloudy, so there are few races. There are so many wild bamboos that it is difficult to get rid of them. No performances are allowed. Mangosteen is a little stronger, and the flowers are long spikes, which is slightly different.
⒎ Classic of Materia Medica: "Zhugen Bielu" specializes in treating children's Danhong, because its cold can cool blood. Soaking bamboo juice to quench thirst has the effect of clearing heat. "Rihuazi" is used to treat diaphragmatic fever, fetal hemorrhage, anxiety before and after delivery, hot weather, thirst and madness, fever caused by taking stone medicine, stabbing arrows and snake bites, all because of its cold nature. "
⒏ "Medical forest series, medicinal properties" "After two or three months, the pregnant woman is getting hotter, the blood is hot, and the fetus is more uneasy. Hemp root is willing to be salty, which can disperse its light, not for depression. This is also a good medicine for miscarriage. "
⒐ Notes on Materia Medica: "Hemp root tastes sweet and cold, nourishes yin, and is better at cooling blood, and is also suitable for people with bloody dampness and heat. Generally, fetal movement is caused by blood heat or blood stasis. The meaning of abortion is nothing more than this. "
⒑ "Materia Medica Supplement": "Bamboo branches that greatly supplement lung gold and promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis seem to have never been used, so they appear."
⒒ "Materia Medica" "Danzhu, Danxi" means that it can nourish yin and promote blood circulation, and it is also based on tonic. Drugs that are sweet and cold can purge fire. Does this smell stop bleeding, cure erysipelas, or enter the blood to purge heat? But it is especially effective in preventing miscarriage and treating blood leakage, so it can nourish yin and promote blood circulation, which is different from purging heat. Those who have blood are nourishing yin, and the reason why they can do it can be imagined. "
5] Materia Medica Justice: Bamboo shavings can clear away heat and promote diuresis, and are not suitable for people with fetal movement. Zhang: "White bamboo is cold in nature, and it is often said in ancient times that it can clear away heat and promote diuresis, so Japanese grass is called sweet, cold and slippery. But people tend to think that it is used for pregnancy and abortion, and it is covered with ramie, which is tough and takes the meaning of strong fetus. In fact, it is cold and slippery, so it must not be suitable for fetal movement. And the root leads the downward movement, especially for pregnant women. Examining ancient and modern medical books, but Mei Shifang's treatment of yellow juice in fetal movement is rare. Danxi said that his actions were congested, which was even more contradictory to fetal movement. How can he set drugs for the fetus? "
⒔ Similarities and differences between bamboo branches and pueraria lobata in the Outline of Medical Forest: "Like pueraria lobata, bamboo branches can nourish the heart, clear away lung heat and reduce fire. But the color of Ge is white, which divides qi and disperses the fire of Yangming; Bamboo leaves are red, enter the blood, and disperse the fire of Jue Yin. Eliminating fire is a tonic. " conservation of water and soil
China's sloping farmland is about 320 million mu, while the southern sloping farmland accounts for about 65.438+0.6 billion mu, accounting for 50% of the country. Slope farmland in China is widely distributed, with large area and high sediment yield. The engineering measure of "changing slope into ladder" is mainly adopted in the management of sloping farmland in south China, and the investment per mu needs at least 1000 ~ 3000 yuan, which cannot be completely solved by the state financial resources in a limited time.
Ramie has been planted in sloping farmland in the south for a long time. Because of its developed leaves and roots, the effect of controlling soil erosion is remarkable. From 1986 to 1989, the observation results are as follows: in the first year of planting, the runoff coefficient and erosion intensity of ramie land are basically the same as those of the original sloping farmland; From the second year of planting ramie, the annual runoff coefficient is less than 0.06 and the annual soil erosion intensity is less than 19t/km in both gentle slope ramie land and steep slope ramie land. It belongs to mild erosion, so ramie has quite good effect on soil and water conservation.
At the same time, it is also an excellent economic plant, which can be used to develop hemp textiles. Ramie is a plant measure for the management of sloping farmland in southern China, which is cost-effective, economical and ecological, and conforms to China's national strength. Its popularization prospect is very broad.
Reduce soil erosion
The experimental observation data of Wumutan Soil and Water Conservation Observatory in Dazhu County and Suining Soil and Water Conservation Station located in the hilly area in the middle of the basin show that in the first year of planting ramie, the soil loss on the five-degree slope farmland decreased from moderate to light, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 4,095 tons to 2 10 tons (down 95%), which belongs to the allowable loss range (less than or equal to 500): from the second year,
In the first year of planting ramie on the sloping farmland of 15 degree, the soil loss decreased from extreme intensity to slight, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 1 1040 tons to 725.4 tons, a decrease of 93.4%. Since the second year, the annual soil erosion per square kilometer is less than 6 tons. In the first year of planting ramie on the 25-degree sloping farmland, the soil loss decreased from violent to intense, and the annual soil loss per square kilometer decreased from 19725 tons to 5529 tons, a decrease of 72%. Since the second year, the annual soil erosion per square kilometer is less than 20 tons.
Cause analysis of soil and water conservation of ramie
1. Ramie has developed root system and strong soil fixation. Ramie is a deep-rooted plant. Radish roots are thick and long, with many roots and deep burial, which can generally reach more than 50 cm. Most of the fine roots are distributed in the plough layer of about 35 cm, which is particularly strong in fixing the soil and has a good effect of keeping the soil from losing.
1. Ramie has high coverage and long time. Ramie stems are tall and dense, generally about 2m, up to 3m, with 0 ~ 20 tillers per nest/kloc-0 and dozens of sparse plants. Ramie grows three seasons a year, and the upper and lower seasons are closely connected with each other, with short interval time. Generally, the next-season ramie can sprout in 7 ~ 10 days after the last-season ramie is peeled, and it can grow to 1.0 ~ 1.2m in 15 ~ 20 days, with large leaves and green leaves at one time, which is very dense. Mulching ramie can not only reduce water evaporation, keep soil moist, reduce soil erosion and surface runoff, but also be beneficial to ramie growth.
3. Improve coverage and reduce ground erosion. After ramie is stripped and threshed every season, hemp stalks and leaves are returned to the field and directly covered on the surface of ramie field, which can not only improve the soil fertility, but also prevent the topsoil from being washed by heavy rain when the coverage of ramie is low after harvest, improve the ground coverage, reduce the erosivity of heavy rain, enhance the anti-erosion and infiltration ability of soil and reduce the loss of topsoil.
4. Ramie is planted once a year and has benefited for many years. Ramie is not only a deep-rooted plant, but also a perennial plant with strong regeneration ability. Planting in three seasons a year, year after year, has benefits in that year. In rainy season, only intertillage is generally used for weeding, and no deep ploughing is needed. Every winter, the weeds, straws and fallen leaves are buried in rows of ramie fields, which not only solves the organic fertilizer needed for ramie growth, but also loosens the soil. Ramie doesn't need deep ploughing and multiple cropping, it is planted once a year, which benefits for many years and has the best effect of soil and water conservation.
Comparative Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation among Ramie, Fruit Forest and Soil and Water Conservation Forest
1. Contrast erosion. Through the observation of ramie and sparse young forest of soil and water conservation in 1986- 1989, the annual runoff coefficient is less than 0.06 and the annual soil erosion intensity is less than 19t/km from the second year of planting ramie. The effect of soil and water conservation is equivalent to 20-degree sparse young forest land planted for 5-7 years, with extremely slight soil erosion and strong corrosion resistance.
2. Time comparison. Ramie is a perennial plant with strong regeneration ability. It grows rapidly three seasons a year. I planted it that year and achieved good results that year. In the first year, the yield of dry hemp can reach about 80 kg per mu, and in the second year, it will enter a high-yield period with an annual output of 150 ~ 200 kg. The growth period of ramie is very long, generally more than 50 years. As long as the variety is not changed, ramie can grow year after year and is a long-term economic crop. If fruit trees are planted, it usually takes 3-5 years to enter the high-yield stage, and the canopy density can only reach 70-80 & ramie will enter the high-yield stage after one year, and the canopy density can reach 100%. Generally, the fruit forest will be degraded in about 10 years, and new varieties or grafted seedlings need to be replaced. Large investment is also unfavorable to soil and water conservation. Ramie can be regenerated forever, and the yield will not decrease. Although the benefits of returning farmland to plant trees are also very good, the trees grow slowly in the first ten years, and generally it will take ten years to receive obvious economic benefits. After thinning, replanting is needed, and the investment is increased accordingly. In ten years, the tree canopy density can only reach about 70%. Therefore, planting fruit trees and trees is not a measure of "blowing rice", but planting ramie has the advantages of less investment, short time, quick effect, high coverage, strong corrosion resistance and good soil and water conservation effect.
To sum up, it is an effective plant measure and way to rationally utilize water and soil resources, do a good job in soil and water conservation, and control soil and water loss on sloping farmland by planting ramie in a planned way in deforested land and sloping farmland above 25, and planting ramie in areas with more sloping farmland and rich food, and it is also a short, flat and fast economic crop with less investment, short time, quick effect and large coverage. Hemp fiber is a good material for spinning. With the development of technology and industry, there is a great demand for hemp fiber. Therefore, planting ramie can not only meet the social needs, but also maintain soil erosion; It has ecological, economic and social benefits, and is a plant measure and an effective way to control soil erosion. Ramie's stem bark fibers are slender, tough, white, shiny, tensile, waterproof, moisture-proof, elastic and insulating, and can be woven into summer cloth (especially the summer cloth produced in Liuyang, Hunan and Wanzai, Jiangxi), wing cloth of aircraft, lining cloth of rubber industry, wire coating, incandescent yarn, fishing net, rayon and so on. And blended with wool and cotton to make high-grade clothing; Short fibers can be used as raw materials for high-grade paper, gunpowder, rayon, etc. Can also be woven into carpets, sacks, etc.
1. Among all kinds of hemp fibers, ramie fiber is the longest, strongest and slightly thicker. The fiber length is two or three times to six or seven times longer than that of top-grade cotton. Ramie fiber is two or three times thicker than flax and hemp, and the fiber end is sharp, which will itch when it touches the skin. Internationally, it is not recognized as a textile fabric in direct contact with the skin.
After degumming and refining, the fiber looks white and silky.
3. Ramie fiber structure has large gaps, good air permeability, fast heat transfer, high water absorption and fast moisture dissipation, so ramie fabric has a cool feeling.
4. Ramie fiber has high strength and low elongation. Seven or eight times stronger than cotton.
Ramie fiber is not easy to be corroded by mold, moth-eaten and light in weight. Compared with ramie cloth with the same volume, ramie cloth is 20% lighter.
Stem bast fiber is glossy, mildew-proof and easy to dye. It is an important textile crop and a high-quality paper-making raw material. It has a profound connection with China's cultural tradition. One of the five ancient kinds of hemp. The cloth made of ramie is called summer cloth. Summer cloth is also used in summer. Starting from planting hemp, it is picked once a year in spring and autumn, and then hand-woven into cloth after beating hemp, pulling hemp balls, pulling taro, drawing wires, threading, brushing, weaving, rinsing, setting, printing and dyeing. If the new summer cloth is hard, it must be put into a basin with a proper amount of alkaline water, boiled, taken out and rammed with a clothes hammer to make it soft. The width is two feet and two inches. Each horse is about 45-60 cm wide. After ramie is made into cloth, it needs to be bleached with grey forging hammer to make white hemp and white linen fine cloth. The deep clothes in the Book of Rites are made of ramie. "Yuefu Song of Mi Bai" says: "Light as a cloud and silver in color, make a robe towel." In the middle Tang Dynasty, "it was a robe" and "the spring shirt was cut with a white robe and the hat was hung with black gauze." It is a fashion, so that the Tang people reached the crazy level of "cutting shirts and making them white". White muslin is called silk after dyeing, which is mostly used to make official clothes.
The production of ramie cloth consists of 12 manual processes, including planting ramie, soaking ramie, peeling ramie, rinsing (sun exposure and night dew), finishing ramie, stringing, twisting, carding ramie, sizing and spinning. Because ramie, the raw material for summer cloth, contains heavy gum and irregular hemp, it can't be produced on a large scale by machine. The production is affected by the weather, which makes its value double and the demand exceeds the supply. The main varieties of handmade ramie summer cloth are: natural color, white and other summer cloth, which are widely used in clothing, home textiles, homes, shoes and hats, curtains, bedding, sofas, pillows, cushions and placemats.
Handmade summer cloth
Hand-made summer cloth: Because of its long and strong fiber, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is "as light as cicada, as thin as rice paper, as flat as water mirror and as thin as silk". It was once listed as tribute cloth by successive dynasties, and became a favorite treasure of the royal family and dignitaries, and won the gold medal of the Paris International Expo in the 1930s.
1. Hand-made summer cloth is firm and crisp, breathable and sweat-wicking, good in moisture absorption, strong in fat transfer and heat transfer, comfortable and cool to wear, small in shrinkage, strong in coloring, not easy to deform, fade, wash and dry;
4. Hand-made summer cloth can be antifouling and antistatic, and it is not easy to absorb dust;
3. Hand-made summer cloth can inhibit the growth of bacteria, and clothes and bedding made of it have antibacterial and health care functions. Bamboo leaf hairpin is a Hakka specialty, which is loved by villagers and wanderers with its strong local flavor. Bamboo leaf hairpin can be made all year round, especially in spring and summer.
Production method: fresh tender leaves of ramie are picked, mashed, and a proper amount of japonica rice, glutinous rice and well water are glued into green dough in a stone mortar, then the dough is kneaded into small pieces and steamed in a steamer. It can also be fried. After frying, it is golden and crisp, fragrant and moist, and has a unique flavor. Eating bamboo sticks regularly can quench hunger and thirst, increase physical strength, remove skin diseases and strengthen the body and bones. It is a natural food suitable for all ages in Xian Yi.