The term "loan company" is limited in China, and it is different from domestic commercial banks, finance companies, auto finance companies and trust companies in terms of definition and business scope.
A loan company refers to a banking non-deposit financial institution established in rural areas by domestic commercial banks or rural cooperative banks with the approval of China Banking Regulatory Commission according to relevant laws and regulations, which provides loan services for county farmers, agriculture and rural economic development. The loan company is a limited liability company fully funded by domestic commercial banks or rural cooperative banks.
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The advantages of loan assistance companies are as follows:
1, the marketing cost of banks is high, and it is difficult for small enterprises to apply for loans directly from banks, which leads to small enterprises having to turn to financing institutions such as loan guarantee institutions for help when they have financing needs. The cost for loan guarantee institutions to select customers is relatively low, so choosing high-quality projects to recommend to cooperative banks will improve the success rate of financing and reduce the marketing cost of banks.
2. In terms of risk control of loans, banks are reluctant to put it on the Internet. One of the important reasons is that the management cost of such loans is high, but the income is not obvious. For this kind of loans, loan guarantee institutions can share the management cost of banks by optimizing the management process, eliminate the worries of banks, and form personalized service for post-loan management of microfinance.
3. After the risk is released, the advantages of loan guarantee institutions are irreplaceable. The project of bank direct loan is risky, and the disposal of collateral often takes a long time, with high litigation cost and poor liquidity. The cash compensation of guarantee institutions has greatly solved the disposal problem of banks. Some loan guarantee institutions can compensate in 1 month, and the bank's non-performing loans will be eliminated in time, and then the loan guarantee institutions will resolve the risks through their more flexible handling methods than banks.
Is the company a financial institution?
The company belongs to the financial industry. The Code of Financial Institutions in 2009 stipulates that the scope of financial institutions in China covers not only traditional financial institutions such as banks, insurance and securities, but also new financial institutions such as enterprise annuities, loan companies, rural mutual funds cooperatives and village banks. Prior to this, the company was a non-financial institution. 1. Loan is a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. By lending to banks, centralized money and monetary funds can meet the needs of society for expanding supplementary funds for reproduction and promote economic development. At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation. Second, the risk review of microfinance The emergence of loan risks often begins at the stage of loan review. Comprehensive judicial practice shows that the risks in the loan review stage mainly appear in the following links. (a) the content of the review is omitted, and the bank loan examiner is missing, resulting in credit risk. Loan review is a meticulous work, which requires investigators to systematically investigate and inspect the qualifications, qualifications, credit and property status of loan subjects. (2) In practice, some commercial banks do not have due diligence, and loan examiners often only pay attention to the identification of documents, but lack due diligence. It is difficult to identify the fraud in the loan and it is easy to cause credit risk. (3) Many misjudgments are caused by banks not listening to experts' opinions on relevant contents or professional judgments made by professionals. In the process of loan review, we should not only find out the facts, but also make professional judgments on relevant facts from legal and financial aspects. However, in practice, most loan review processes are not very strict and in place. Three. The legal content of the pre-lending survey (1) examines the legal status of the borrower's legal establishment and continuous effective existence. If it is an enterprise, it should examine whether the borrower is established according to law, whether it has the qualifications and qualifications to engage in related business, and check the business license and qualification certificate, and pay attention to whether the relevant license has passed the annual inspection or related certification. (two) about the borrower's credit check whether the registered capital of the borrower is suitable for loans; Check whether there is obvious withdrawal of registered capital; Past loans and repayments; And whether the borrower's product quality, environmental protection and tax payment are qualified. Illegal circumstances that may affect repayment. (3) Regarding the borrower's loan conditions, whether the borrower has opened basic deposit account and general deposit accounts in accordance with relevant laws and regulations; Whether the foreign investment of the borrower (such as a company) exceeds 50% of its net assets; Whether the borrower's debt ratio meets the requirements of the lender; (four) for the guarantee, the qualification, reputation and performance ability of the guarantor should be investigated.
Is the company a financial institution?
According to the Code of Financial Institutions issued by the central bank in 2009, the company is included in the scope of financial institutions and given a positioning. However, due to the attitude of the CBRC, the release of policy signals by the central bank did not quickly change the embarrassing position of the company. The company is still supervised by the local financial office, and the tax is paid according to the standard of general service-oriented industrial and commercial enterprises, which is higher than that of commercial banks.
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According to different standards, financial institutions can be divided into different types:
1, divided into four categories according to status and function:
First, the central bank. The central bank in China is the People's Bank of China.
The second category is banks. Including policy banks, commercial banks and village banks.
The third category is non-bank financial institutions. It mainly includes state-owned and joint-stock insurance companies, urban credit cooperatives, securities companies (investment banks), finance companies and third-party wealth management companies.
The fourth category is foreign-funded, overseas Chinese-funded and Sino-foreign joint venture financial institutions established in China.
2. According to the operating conditions of financial institutions, they can be divided into financial supervision institutions and supervised financial enterprises. For example, the People's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and China Securities Regulatory Commission are institutions that exercise financial supervision power on behalf of the state, and all other financial enterprises such as banks, securities companies and insurance companies must accept their supervision and management.