I. Achievements made in the construction of China's insurance credit system in recent years
(1) The legal system of insurance credit has been strengthened.
First, the insurance law emphasizes the prominent position of the principle of good faith in the development of the insurance industry. The revised Insurance Law emphasizes the protection and application of the principle of good faith. One article is added as Article 5 of the General Provisions: "The parties to insurance activities shall exercise their rights and perform their obligations in accordance with the principle of good faith". In the specific clauses, the actors in the insurance market are also regulated around the principle of good faith. Second, relevant laws and regulations fully embody the principle of good faith. For example, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Information Disclosure of New Life Insurance Products stipulates that "customers shall not be deceived, misled or intentionally concealed"; The Regulations on the Administration of the Qualifications of Senior Managers of Insurance Companies stipulates that senior managers shall not "make false propaganda, mislead the insured and the insured, and harm the interests of the insured" and so on. The strengthening of insurance credit legal system provides legal guarantee for the construction of insurance credit system in China.
(2) The construction of the insurance credit system was initially started.
As the cornerstone of the development of the insurance industry, integrity has been paid more and more attention by the insurance industry, and the construction of integrity system has also begun. The National Insurance Work Conference in 2003 emphasized that "the faster the development, the more attention should be paid to honesty, good service and good industry image". Local insurance regulatory bureaus and insurance industry associations have done a lot of fruitful work around the construction of insurance credit system.
(3) The concept of insurance integrity management is recognized.
All insurance companies can emphasize honesty in their business philosophy. For example, China People's Insurance Company has been adhering to the business philosophy of "steady operation and abiding by credibility" for decades to guide business development; China Life takes "honesty, responsibility and steady development" as its corporate purpose; Taikang life insurance believes that "integrity is supreme in the insurance industry"; Xinhua Life Insurance set up "Credit System Construction Implementation Team" in all branches and central branches to lead the construction of the company's credit system; Ping An Insurance Company has passed the certification of international authoritative organization and obtained AAA credit rating certificate. It can be seen that the idea that honesty plays a central role in the development of the insurance industry has been widely recognized by the insurance industry, which has laid the foundation for the construction of the insurance industry's honesty system.
(d) Improved integrity of marketers.
Insurance salesmen once appeared in front of the public with low overall quality, low level of integrity and poor social image. After governance in recent years, the integrity level of marketers has been improved, the integrity status has been improved, misleading and cheating have been significantly reduced, and dishonesty has been initially controlled. There are a large number of salesmen, who directly face the public. It can be said that their integrity status represents the overall integrity level of the insurance industry in a certain sense. To some extent, the improvement of the integrity level of marketers shows that the construction of the integrity system of China's insurance industry has achieved initial results.
Two, the current problems in the construction of China's insurance credit system and their causes.
(a) problems
1. The problem of counterfeiting has been repeatedly banned. In insurance business, false data, false account books, false statements, false insurance policies and false receipts are common. Since its establishment, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) has always regarded counterfeiting as an important task, and even launched a special "counterfeiting" activity in 2002. Nevertheless, the problem of fraud has not been fundamentally solved.
2. Regret for compensation happens from time to time. Some insurance companies have complicated claims procedures and inadequate services, and some cases have unreasonable refusal to pay compensation, which is objectively manifested as refusal to pay compensation, causing adverse effects among customers and forming a bad impression of "easy to insure, difficult to pay compensation" and "quick payment and slow compensation" in society.
The problem of misleading has not been solved. Due to the imperfection of marketing mechanism, it can only alleviate the misleading problem of marketers to a certain extent, but it has not been solved in essence. Especially in some small and medium-sized cities, misleading and cheating are common among some customers with poor risk awareness, insurance awareness and investment awareness.
4. Moral hazard is difficult to prevent. In recent years, the popularity of insurance knowledge in China has improved, but some people have even started the idea of cheating on insurance claims after learning about insurance. It is not uncommon to fail to fulfill the obligation of telling the truth when applying for insurance, and the means of fraudulent insurance are even more varied. Since 2002, "car loan insurance" fraud cases have occurred all over the country, causing huge losses to property insurance companies; In terms of life insurance, some insurance companies in remote areas are forced to stop medical insurance because they are unable to solve the problem of hospitalization without illness all the year round.
(2) Cause analysis
1. The weak social credit foundation has affected the construction of the insurance credit system. The construction of China's social credit system has just started, the collection of credit data is difficult, the data opening is not clearly defined, the construction of credit data database is lagging behind, credit laws and regulations are missing, and dishonesty cannot be effectively punished. The weak social credit foundation will inevitably affect the construction of the insurance credit system.
2. The lag of insurance credit laws and regulations hinders the construction of insurance credit system. Although China's insurance credit legal system has made some progress, it is still lagging behind and imperfect compared with the actual insurance business activities. The rapid development of insurance industry has brought many new phenomena and problems, some of which are aimed at honesty, such as "commission rebate". If one party doesn't "return the commission" and the other party "returns the commission", customers will be taken away, resulting in a situation in which law-abiding people suffer and illegal people gain more. If these problems are not solved in time and effectively, it will inevitably promote the spread of dishonesty and breach of contract.
3. The lack of insurance credit management system restricts the construction of insurance credit system. On the one hand, the lack of system is manifested in the lack of rigid management system; On the other hand, it is manifested in the lack of necessary information collection system. The lack of rigid management system weakens the restriction mechanism of honesty. The weakness of human nature exists naturally, and it is not enough to rely solely on moral conscience in the business field. If there is no rigid credit management mechanism, managers have to worry about people's quality and quality. For example, if there is no system to ensure that marketers don't touch cash, then this problem will always exist. Information asymmetry objectively provides conditions for dishonesty. For the insurer, the insured's insurance information is new every time, and its authenticity and accuracy cannot be evaluated. In the "car loan insurance" fraud case in Guangzhou, it was found that six branches of an insurance company handled guarantee insurance for a car at the same time. Guangzhou Insurance Regulatory Bureau pointed out in a research report that one of the important reasons for the success of "automobile loan insurance" fraud is that "the insurance company has not yet enjoyed the information of the insured and automobile dealers who guarantee the automobile consumption loan insurance, and the insurance company is scattered, giving the insured the opportunity to cheat or borrow an extra car". For the insured, due to insufficient information disclosure, the insured can't grasp the real operating conditions of the insurance company, can't compare and choose the insurance products that suit them, and can only learn about insurance through hearsay.
4. The old management system of insurance companies is not conducive to the construction of insurance credit system. At present, the management idea of some domestic insurance companies is still to blindly expand the scale of premiums, and the superior companies emphasize premium income on the assessment system of their subordinates. Accomplishing the premium income index (whether it is scientifically calculated or not, whether it is realistic or not) not only has material rewards, but also may increase the rank and rank, otherwise it will be punished or even lose the "rice bowl". At the same time, the disposable expenditure of grass-roots companies is only related to premium income, that is, receiving more and spending more, receiving less and spending less, and not receiving or spending. This policy orientation drives grass-roots companies to maximize the scale of premiums as their primary business goal. In order to achieve this goal, they raise fees and lower rates at will in the competition, weaken the integrity education for marketers, and have no time to take care of the company's social image, overall interests and long-term development.
5. Imperfect insurance marketing mechanism puzzles the construction of insurance credit system. The number of insurance salesmen in China accounts for 80% of the total number of employees, and this sales force has promoted the development of China's insurance industry, especially the life insurance industry. However, with the expansion of the market, the disadvantages of the current marketing mechanism are increasingly exposed, mainly in the lack of guarantee system for marketers, lack of long-term incentive system, unreasonable performance appraisal of marketers and unreasonable commission extraction. These problems lead marketers to betray their trust, mislead and deceive customers.
Third, the idea of further improving the credit system of China's insurance industry.
(1) Seize the opportunity of social credit system construction and lay the foundation for insurance credit system construction.
The development of insurance industry is inseparable from economic development and social progress. To construct the insurance credit system, we must strengthen the social credit consciousness and improve the social credit environment. At present, the construction of China's credit system has begun. The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward: "Establish and improve the social credit system" and "form a social credit system supported by morality, based on property rights and guaranteed by law"; In September 2003, six ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Work Opinions on Carrying out Social Integrity Publicity and Education"; Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Fujian and other provinces and cities are experimenting with the construction of social credit system. It can be said that the construction of insurance credit system is just the right time. The insurance industry should seize the opportunity, on the one hand, constantly improve its own credit system construction, on the other hand, make contributions to the credit construction of the whole society.
(2) Strengthen the construction of insurance credit legal system and provide guarantee for the construction of insurance credit system.
It is necessary to further improve the construction of China's insurance laws and regulations, protect honest and trustworthy behavior from a legal height, and severely punish breach of contract and dishonesty. It is necessary to gradually form an atmosphere of "those who believe prosper and those who don't believe die" in the insurance industry. Insurance regulatory authorities should co-ordinate the construction of credit legal system in the whole industry and formulate specific measures to promote its implementation. At this stage, laws and regulations such as Measures for Punishment of Insurance Violations, Measures for Management of Insurance Salesmen and Measures for Management of Insurance Credit should be promulgated as soon as possible.
(3) Establish an insurance credit management system to create conditions for the construction of the insurance credit system.
1. A strict credit management system should be established. We should consider the checks and balances mechanism in all aspects of operation and management, and use the system to ensure the realization of integrity. In the establishment of the system, the practice of A life insurance company is worth learning. The company clearly stipulates that marketing personnel shall not charge customers' cash as insurance premium, and customers must deposit the insurance premium in the bank, and the company will directly settle with the bank. This practice ensures the honest behavior of the charging link from the system, and greatly reduces the possibility of misappropriation and fraud of premiums by marketers.
2. Establish information collection and disclosure system. The collection and disclosure of insured information can be carried out by trade associations with reference to British practices. When the applicant applies for insurance, the insurance company has the right to obtain the credit status, performance and compliance with laws and regulations of the applicant through industry associations. At present, the management system of personal credit data has not been established in China. At this stage, trade associations can collect insurance and claims records of policyholders. For the information disclosure of insurers, all insurance companies should not only regularly disclose their business management status in detail and truly in designated publications, but also establish platforms for communication with the public, such as service lines and professional websites, and should truthfully and comprehensively answer any questions raised by the insured to the company as long as it does not involve trade secrets.
(4) Reform the management system of insurance companies to inject impetus into the construction of insurance credit system.
Only when economic subjects consider long-term interests can they have the enthusiasm to establish a reputation of not cheating. In order for economic subjects to pay attention to long-term interests, there must be clear property rights. Because the property right system directly determines the income right of reputation right, if the income right belongs to others, no one will sacrifice his immediate interests for the future income of others. Therefore, the enthusiasm of economic entities to establish credibility can be attributed to the issue of property rights. When the market value of an enterprise has nothing to do with the interests of decision makers, decision makers, as "economic men", have no reason to attach importance to the reputation of the enterprise. Therefore, the joint-stock reform of state-owned insurance companies, the establishment of modern enterprise system, the establishment and improvement of corporate governance structure, scientific decision-making mechanism and efficient incentive and restraint mechanism, and the establishment of enterprise operation mechanism with reference to international practices are the driving forces for the construction of insurance credit system.
(5) Improve the insurance marketing mechanism and add vitality to the construction of the insurance credit system.
In order to further improve the insurance marketing mechanism, the commission withdrawal system of Edward Jones Securities Brokerage Company (EDJ) in the United States provides us with ideas. The value of EDJ Company is to provide the highest interests for shareholders. It requires salesmen to avoid suggesting high-risk investments for customers who are not familiar with the stock market. EDJ Company has a special inspection system to investigate whether the customer's account is over-traded, so as to ensure that the salesman does not persuade the customer to do unwise business because of the commission. More importantly, its salary system encourages brokers to give priority to the interests of customers, followed by buying and selling. Therefore, consumers stay in EDJ for almost three times as long as their peers. The advantage of EDJ's practice is that "the interests of customers are the highest interests". Obviously, this business concept is good for customers, companies and sales staff. When we reform and improve the marketing mechanism, we must fully consider the interests of all parties and attach great importance to the integrity orientation. Only in this way can we establish a sense of honesty, strengthen honesty behavior, promote marketers to play a better role and add vitality to the construction of insurance integrity system.