Is it the same as two mountain bikes?
The self-defense war against Vietnam and the two mountains war were wars that lasted intermittently for nearly ten years in the southwest of the motherland more than 40 years ago. With the normalization of Vietnam-China relations and the influence of international relations in the early 1990s, these two wars were no longer widely publicized, although most of the combatants were still alive.
Some young viewers didn't understand the two sides of the war and the reasons for the war when watching the film Youth directed by Xiaogang Feng in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This paper will discuss the relationship between the self-defense war against Vietnam and the war between the two mountains.
Against France, the United States and Vietnam
In the early 1950s, in order to fight against the French colonists, Viet Nam repeatedly requested China to provide military assistance. At this time, after the founding of New China, everything needed to be done. However, in the face of the crisis on the southwest border of China, he agreed to the request of Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh to help Vietnam fight against French aggression.
According to incomplete statistics, in 1950-54, Vietnam was aided by 1 10000 guns, more than 4000 guns and various types of bullets and shells. In addition to providing military equipment assistance to Vietnam, it also sent a Vietnamese military advisory group headed by Chen Guoqing, which was called the "South China Working Group" for the sake of confidentiality. The Central Committee made clear the two tasks of the advisory group: first, to expel the colonists to resist the French aggression; The second is to help Vietnam build a modern army.
After the advisory group went to Vietnam, Wei Guoqing served as an adviser to the commander-in-chief of the Vietnamese army. At the same time, our army sent an advisory group to the main force of Vietnam to conduct actual combat training for the Vietnamese army. Vietnam's military advisory group against legal aid has helped Vietnam organize and direct border battles and Dien Bien Phu battles. Among them, the border battle killed more than 8,000 French prisoners, liberated the border for more than 700 kilometers and recovered five cities.
In addition to directly assisting Vietnam's weapons and equipment and sending military advisory groups for actual combat training, a Vietnamese military cadre school was established in Yunnan to train Vietnamese army division-level commanding cadres, down to battalion-level platoon cadres, and even training courses for artillery engineers and signal soldiers. Vietnam Military Cadre School closed on 1950-54, and * * * trained more than 10,000 Vietnamese troops.
In addition to the Vietnam Military Cadre School, officers at all levels of the Vietnam Army were also transferred to Nanjing Military Academy and Guilin Army Academy (later changed to the PLA Army Special Operations Academy) to study various courses. The Vietnamese army is good at guerrilla warfare, and the commanders at all levels of the Vietnamese army who went to China for further study got the biography of our army and were good at circuitous. After returning to Vietnam, the commanders of the Vietnamese army held important positions and eventually drove the French colonists out of Vietnam.
After defeating the French colonists for several years, North and South Vietnam have been unable to be unified due to various problems. These historical problems broke out in 1959, and the United States, which supported South Vietnam, directly sent troops to participate in the war after the Tokyo Bay incident in 1964. Like the Yalu River, China can't sit idly by and ignore the crisis on the southwest border.
According to the documents declassified by the Vietnamese side, in 1955-62, China's aid to North Vietnam was160 million tons, but it is worth mentioning that the Soviet Union's aid was even less than one third of China's, only 5 10000 tons. In addition, it is also assisting North Vietnam to build a large number of industrial facilities and infrastructure, including railways and highways.
After the Tokyo Bay incident, the US military began bombing North Vietnam, but China sent railway troops, anti-aircraft artillery and engineers to help Vietnam build roads and railways to resist the US bombing. During the period of 1965-70, our army sent 320,000 PLA officers and men to Vietnam, which enabled the North Vietnamese troops to concentrate on the southern battlefield. However, more than 0/000 Vietnamese aid troops were killed/kloc-and more than 4,000 people were injured.
War is a continuation of politics.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, there were great differences in national interests and ideology between China and the Soviet Union, and Sino-Soviet relations fell to freezing point after 1969 Baodao counterattacked. After making bad friends with the Soviet Union, Sino-US relations gradually normalized. 1975 After the successful reunification of Vietnam, North Vietnam claimed to be the third military power in the world after receiving a large number of materials left over by the US military. 1976 After the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the leadership system with Du?n as the general secretary and the pro-Soviet political line were established.
Two years later, 1978, Vietnam and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between Vietnam and the Soviet Union. Chinese exclusion incidents occur frequently in China, and disputes with China in the border areas continue.
At the end of the same year, Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia. During this period, China, threatened by Vietnam's expansion, interrupted all kinds of assistance to Vietnam, and on February 1979 and 12, the Central Military Commission issued the "Order of Self-Defense Fighting in the Border between China and Vietnam".
1979 February 17, the people's liberation army, fed up with it, launched a counter-offensive and self-defense war against Vietnam from Guangxi and Yunnan. After two weeks of war, the war even reached Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Our army, which achieved the goal of crusade, quickly withdrew to China. This campaign is a narrow sense of self-defense against Vietnam.
The outbreak and process of the two mountain wars.
After our army withdrew to the border, the two countries clashed many times on the issue of border demarcation, and the dispute could not be resolved through negotiation. Vietnam has forgotten the pain, blatantly occupied a large number of riding points on the Sino-Vietnamese border in violation of international practice, and built permanent and semi-permanent fortifications with a view to maintaining them for a long time.
In Laoshan and Shading Mountain areas, China residents were expelled and positions of Laoshan and Shading Mountain were successively occupied. And fired into China from March 1979 to March 1984, causing more than 300 civilian casualties in China, which seriously threatened the safety of people and property in China.
Affected by this, in June of 5438+0980+00 and May of 19865438, our army launched operations to recover Luojiaping Mountain, Faka Mountain and Koulin Mountain, which border Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Although it successfully recovered its lost territory, Vietnam did not converge, continued to confront China, and built fortifications in other border areas, such as Laoshan and Bali River Dongshan, and kept shooting at our territory, causing bloodshed.
In this case, our army learned the experience and lessons from the battles of Luojiapingshan, Fakashan and Koulinshan, and decided to concentrate its forces and make a quick decision, so as to turn passivity into initiative and improve our defense posture at the border. And continue to contain the military forces in southern Vietnam and reduce Cambodia's anti-Vietnam pressure. Finally, it was decided to launch the two-mountain offensive in Laoshan and Shading Mountain areas at 1984.
1984-89, seven military regions, namely, Kunming Military Region, Nanjing Military Region, jinan military area command Military Region, Lanzhou Military Region, Beijing Military Region, shenyang military area command Military Region and Chengdu Military Region, * * * sent ten group armies to participate in this battle, so it was called a battle between two mountains in history. The purpose of sending such a large-scale team is to test and exercise the technical and tactical level of our major military regions in actual combat.
It is worth mentioning that, due to the harassment of our army's artillery, organs, logistics, hospitals and other non-frontline combat troops by enemy agents, in addition to sending infantry, artillery, engineers and other combat troops, more than ten reconnaissance brigades are also deployed from scouts of various armies to undertake combat tasks such as reconnaissance, capture, ambush, attack-breaking and counter-detection.
After the baptism of the large-scale reconnaissance operation of the two mountains war, the experience of special operations was fully enriched in actual combat, which laid a solid foundation for our army to establish special forces.
1990, the Yunnan Front Command of Chengdu Military Region, which finally participated in the battle between the two mountains, handed over the defense command of Laoshan battlefield to the Yunnan Military Region Front Command and revoked it. 1993, the central military commission decided to formally end the defensive combat posture of Laoshan, cancel the frontline command of Yunnan military region, and turn the troops serving as border guards into normal guards. At this point, from the broad sense of 1979, the ten-year self-defense war against Vietnam officially ended.