Financial industry refers to banks and related fund cooperatives, as well as insurance industry. Except for industrial economic activities, all other economic-related activities are financial industry. The financial industry has the characteristics of index and monopoly. Index refers to the financial index data reflecting the overall and individual situation of the national economy from all angles. On the one hand, monopoly means that the financial industry is strictly controlled by the government, and no unit or individual may set up financial institutions at will without the approval of the central bank.
The four major insurance companies belong to central enterprises and are central enterprises, occupying a dominant position in major industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, and are important pillars of the national economy. State-owned enterprises are all state-owned enterprises, and state-owned enterprises are not necessarily state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of conceptual scope, the scope of state-owned enterprises is broader. State-owned enterprises are enterprises owned by the whole people and represent the will and interests of the government. So there are still many differences.
An insurance company is an insurer in the form of company organization, which deals in insurance business. Insurance companies have the right to collect insurance premiums and establish insurance premium funds. At the same time, in the event of an insured accident, it is obliged to compensate the insured for economic losses. The main types of insurance companies are: joint-stock insurance companies, mutual insurance companies and exclusive insurance companies, as follows:
1. Joint-stock insurance companies are similar to joint-stock companies in other industries. Established by the promoters according to the company law, the company law stipulates the number of promoters, the company's debt limit, the types of shares to be issued, taxes, business scope, company power, application procedures, company license, etc. Company organizations in western developed countries are composed of three power groups, namely shareholders, board of directors and senior managers.
Two, mutual insurance company is also a form of enterprise organization, but it is a non-profit company, no shareholders, the company is owned by the insured (the insured). Therefore, the insured has a dual identity, both as the owner and the customer of the company. Shareholders of joint-stock insurance companies are not necessarily customers of the company. As the owner, the insured of the mutual company can participate in the election of the board of directors, and the board of directors appoints the senior management personnel of the company to specialize in the business operation and management of the company. The insured can share the operating results in the form of "dividends".
3. Exclusive insurance companies are insurance companies established by industrial and commercial enterprises themselves to provide risk insurance or reinsurance for their own enterprises, affiliated enterprises and other affiliated enterprises.