First, the concept of state-owned enterprises
State-owned enterprises are enterprise legal persons funded, owned or controlled by the state. The will and interests of the government determine the behavior of state-owned enterprises, and all the capital or major shares of state-owned enterprises are owned by the state.
Second, the role of state-owned enterprises.
1. Large state-owned enterprises are the mainstay of China's national economy. Although some small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises have changed to diversified property rights through leasing, contracting, selling and equity participation.
2. Large state-owned enterprises are the main force against multinational corporations. After China's accession to the WTO, internationally renowned large multinational companies have made a large-scale impact on the China market, and the impact of various foreign goods on domestic goods has become more intense.
Although the private economy has made great progress, it has been unable to compete with multinational companies because of the huge gap in technology, quality and scale. Only large state-owned enterprises are the main force to compete with multinational companies.
3. Large state-owned enterprises are the important support of pillar industries in China. In petroleum, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, metallurgy, nonferrous metals, building materials and other important industries.
Large state-owned enterprises are still the main force to earn foreign exchange through export. From 65438 to 0997, the export income of state-owned enterprises exceeded that of foreign-invested enterprises, ranking first in the country. Among them, most large state-owned enterprises invest about 1% of their sales in R&D, and some of them reach 2%. Technological progress is in a leading position among domestic industrial enterprises.
Classification of state-owned enterprises
1, natural monopoly industry
We will implement the reform of separating government from enterprise, separating government from capital, franchising and government supervision, separate transportation networks according to the characteristics of different industries, liberalize competitive business, and promote the marketization of public resource allocation.
2. Financial state-owned enterprises
If it is developmental and policy-oriented, we should mainly select indicators reflecting national strategy and risk control, taking into account indicators reflecting economic benefits; Commercial indicators should mainly choose indicators that reflect economic benefits, asset quality and solvency.
3. Cultural state-owned enterprises
At the same time, we should choose indicators that reflect social and economic benefits and preserve and increase the value of state-owned capital. Labor productivity indicators are generally based on per capita added value and per capita profit. According to the actual situation of the enterprise, you can choose indicators such as per capita operating income and per capita workload.