Expand the market share of water-soluble fertilizers
Gao Zhaoxiang, Director of Water Saving Division of National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Ministry of Agriculture. In recent five years, he is the most active and well-known promoter and preacher in the field of water and fertilizer integration. "Water-soluble fertilizer is changing from a small amount of auxiliary fertilizer sprayed on leaves to the main fertilizer applied in the field in batches!" Gao's judgment on water-soluble fertilizer was direct and powerful at the international summit on the application of water-fertilizer integration technology held in Nanning recently.
For a long time, in the fertilizer family, relatively expensive water-soluble fertilizers have been labeled as "small fertilizers". This "small" has three meanings: first, the application area is small, mainly used to grow small cash crops with high added value; Second, compared with the largest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizers are mostly trace element fertilizers, and the dosage is small; Thirdly, during the whole growth period of crops, water-soluble fertilizers are rarely used as base fertilizers, and most of them are used as topdressing.
However, this situation is changing. Gao Xiang used "four changes" to describe this change: water-soluble fertilizers are moving from cash crops to food crops, from facility agriculture to fields, from high-end to civilians, and from dry areas to the whole country. According to reports, at present, the application of water and fertilizer integration technology in cotton in Xinjiang, potato in Inner Mongolia and corn in Northeast China is very mature. In North China, the integrated application of water and fertilizer for corn and wheat is under way. Even in the southern rice growing areas with abundant rainfall, the promotion of water and fertilizer integration has entered the pilot stage. "I estimate that 90% of the total consumption of water-soluble fertilizers is now used in the fields." Gao Xiang said.
In fact, although the integration of water and fertilizer is an advanced agricultural technology, the water-soluble fertilizer matched with it is no stranger to Chinese farmers and has been used for a long time. Water and fertilizer integration can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. In a narrow sense, it is to dissolve fertilizer in irrigation water and bring it to every crop in the field through irrigation pipes. According to this definition, the integration of water and fertilizer in China is still in its infancy. But in a broad sense, as long as water and fertilizer are supplied to crops at the same time, it can be considered as the integration of water and fertilizer. According to this definition, the use area of water-soluble fertilizer in China is not small.
According to high accounting, at present, the output of water-soluble fertilizer that meets the registration standard of the Ministry of Agriculture only accounts for1%of the total fertilizer; But if soluble nitro fertilizer is included, this figure will increase to 3% ~ 5%; If farmers dissolve urea and other fertilizers before applying them, the proportion will exceed 10%.
The coming "field age" of water-soluble fertilizer
In Gao Xiang's view, introducing water-soluble fertilizer into the field is not only to open a broader market, but also the mission of the agricultural resource industry. In the past ten years, China's grain production has achieved remarkable results, but the hidden worries have not been completely eliminated. Among the three staple foods, the growth rate of wheat and rice is relatively slow, and the situation of food ration guarantee is still grim. It is necessary and possible to achieve the goal that "China people's rice bowls should mainly contain China grain", and the technology of water and fertilizer integration is moving towards the field.
The reason is that the integration of water and fertilizer is highly in line with the stage requirements of modern agricultural development in China.
It is often quoted that China uses 9% of the world's arable land, 6% of water resources and 30% of chemical fertilizers to produce 26% of the world's agricultural products and feed 20% of the world's population. Saving water, fertilizer and land has become an urgent requirement for agriculture in China. At the same time, under the background of rapid urbanization and large-scale transfer of rural labor force, the hidden worry of "who will plant the land" has become increasingly prominent.
These problems and deficiencies can be solved or made up by developing the integration of water and fertilizer. In terms of saving fertilizer, the utilization rate of fertilizer in the United States made a qualitative leap in the 1960s. Studies have proved that before and after that, the amount of water-soluble fertilizer in the United States jumped from the previous 65,438+00% to 60%, while the traditional fertilizer dropped sharply from 60% to 65,438+00%.
As with fertilizer saving, the effect of land saving by integrating water and fertilizer is equally remarkable. Because the integration of water and fertilizer realizes the automation of irrigation and fertilization, the constraints of geographical and climatic conditions on agricultural production will be greatly reduced, and the original uncultivated land can be reclaimed and utilized. According to a high rough estimate, by promoting the integration of water and fertilizer, at least 10% of land can be saved on the basis of ensuring the existing grain output.
If the government is concerned about ecological effects and the sustainable development of agricultural production, then for farmers, economic interests are their primary concern. At this point, the integration of water and fertilizer shows broad prospects. With the help of automatic precision irrigation and fertilization technology, on the one hand, more land can be cultivated with less manpower, and economies of scale can be realized; On the one hand, it can ensure the stability, high and excellent agricultural production and improve the market efficiency of agricultural products. A study shows that in cash crops, water and fertilizer integration technology can reduce costs and increase income by more than 60%.
"It can be said that the integration of water and fertilizer is a major technology for developing modern agriculture, and it is also the' No.1 technology' for developing resource-saving and environment-friendly modern agriculture." Gao said so.
The policy of accelerating the release of water-soluble fertilizers is beneficial.
Corresponding to the acceleration of water-soluble fertilizer to the field, the management's understanding of the integration of water and fertilizer is also deepening, and favorable policies are constantly released.
According to the plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, by 20 15, the promotion area of water and fertilizer integration will reach 80 million mu, of which 50 million mu will be added. In northwest China, the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for cotton, corn and fruit trees will be popularized, with an additional area of 6,543,800 mu. The four provinces and regions in Northeast China focus on popularizing the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for corn, potatoes and vegetables, with an additional area of 6,543,800 mu; The integrated technology of water and fertilizer for wheat, vegetables, fruit trees and peanuts has been popularized in North China, with an additional area of 6,543,800 mu. In East China, Central China, South China and Southwest China, the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for fruit trees, vegetables and sugar crops was popularized, with an additional area of 6,543.8+0.2 million mu.
At the same time, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Agriculture and other government departments will vigorously develop high-efficiency water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation under film, micro-irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation, water and fertilizer integration, and water-saving mechanization in dry farming. Focus on the production of cash crops such as fruits and vegetables, vigorously promote the integration of micro-irrigation and fertilizer, and develop efficient water-saving technologies with modern micro-irrigation and water-fertilizer integration as the core on various crops.
In addition, the government-led standard farmland construction and high-yield creation are also creating conditions for the implementation of water and fertilizer integration. According to Gao, in Xinjiang and the three northeastern provinces, the government will increase the construction of agricultural facilities by 6 billion yuan this year on the basis of supporting funds of 654.38+0 billion yuan last year. In North China, this work is accelerating. Taking Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces and cities as examples, the local party committees and governments attach great importance to the integration of water and fertilizer, especially in Shandong, and set up relevant institutions headed by the vice governor.
Bottleneck of water-soluble fertilizer popularization needs to be broken
Although the integration of water and fertilizer and its water-soluble fertilizer are about to usher in the dawn of the industry, it must be admitted that compared with developed agricultural countries, China still has a long way to go to promote the integration of water and fertilizer.
The data show that in Israel, more than 90% of agriculture has realized the integration technology of water and fertilizer, creating the legend of desert agriculture; In the United States, 25% of corn, 60% of potatoes and 32.8% of fruit trees use water-soluble fertilizer products and adopt water-fertilizer integration technology. In China, according to the strict standard of water and fertilizer integration, the proportion is only 1%.
The first reason lies in the limitation of ideas. "The biggest gap between us and Israel in developing agriculture is not technology, but ideas. In everyone's impression, the integration of water and fertilizer in Israel is due to water shortage. In fact, the water resources of Beijing and Israel are basically the same, and the population of Beijing is three times that of Israel, which means that the per capita water resources of Beijing are only one third of that of Israel, but why haven't we popularized the integration of water and fertilizer? It is the bondage of thinking mode. " Gao explained.
In addition to the lack of development concept, technical shortcomings also need to be made up. In this regard, China, as a late-developing country, should learn from the experience of developed agricultural countries. Obviously, as an advocate of the new round of water and fertilizer integration technology popularization, Jin Zhengda is keenly aware of this.
Since 20 13, they have taken frequent actions in international cooperation, inviting top water and fertilizer experts from the United States and Norway to cooperate with Netfim Israel, the inventor of drip irrigation technology and the world's largest modern agricultural system enterprise. "In the future, we will work together to lead the integrated development of water and fertilizer in China in experimental demonstration, laboratory construction and product promotion." Luo Wensheng, deputy general manager of Jin Zhengda, revealed.