Financial leasing refers to a transaction in which the lessor (generally referred to as a financial leasing company or a trust company) purchases leased property (such as a xxx production line) from the seller according to the lessee's choice of suppliers or sellers (such as the manufacturer of a xxx production line) and provides it to the lessee for use, and the lessee pays the rent.
The rent of financial leasing is roughly equivalent to the total principal and interest calculated at the market interest rate based on the purchase amount of the leased property. In essence, financial leasing is equivalent to installment purchase. In financial leasing transactions, the lessee almost always keeps the lease item. Before the purchase, the ownership of the leased property temporarily belongs to the lessor. The retained purchase amount is generally a symbolic price (for example, 100 yuan) and so on. Only by retaining the purchase can the lessor transfer the ownership of the leased property to the lessee.
Generally speaking, financial leasing involves three parties (lessor, lessee and supplier) and consists of at least two contracts (financial leasing contract between lessor and lessee and procurement contract between lessor and supplier), which is a comprehensive transaction integrating financing and material integration. The buyer of the house purchase contract is the lessor, but the decision-maker of the house purchase is the lessee. The supplier delivers the goods to the lessee according to the purchase contract.
Financial lease refers to a lease in which the present value of the minimum lease payment or the present value of the minimum lease payment is not less than 90% of the original book value of the leased assets on the lease start date. (Note: This is the essential difference between financial leasing and operating leasing. )
2. What is operating lease?
Operating lease is a short-term lease, that is, the lessor not only provides the lessee with the right to use the equipment, but also provides the lessee with specialized technical services such as equipment maintenance, insurance and repair (financial lease does not need to improve this service). Operating lease is a short-term lease business, which can be dissolved or not paid in full (financial lease cannot be dissolved at will).
Its business features are as follows: (1), and the choice of lease object is decided by the lessor; (2) Leased items are generally general equipment or equipment with high technical content and fast updating speed; (3) The purpose of leasing is mainly to use the equipment for a short time; (4) The lessor not only provides the leased property, but also provides necessary services; (5) The lessor always owns the ownership of the leased property and bears all relevant interests and risks; (6) The lease term is short, and the contract can be terminated halfway; (7) There are certain restrictions on the use of the leased property.
3. What is the difference between financial leasing and operating leasing?
The rent of financial lease is the consideration of using the funds, and the rent consists of principal, interest and the spread earned by the lessor. If the "average capital method" is used to calculate the rent, because the interest decreases with the decrease of the principal, the rent decreases year by year.
The rent for operating lease is the consideration for using the property, which is not directly related to the capital cost for the lessor to acquire the equipment. However, the rent charged by the lessor should be enough to accrue equipment depreciation and pay business tax, and it must also be enough to pay the interest on the funds purchased by the lessor and obtain reasonable profits.
In an operating lease, the goods are purchased by the lessor for the use of the lessee, or can be purchased by the lessor for the use of the lessee according to the lessee's designation, and the lease amount and lease term cannot be "saturated". On the lease start date, the present value of the minimum lease payment or minimum collection limit shall not be greater than 90% of the original book value of the leased assets (Note! )。 The lease term shall not exceed 75% of the service life of the leased assets. After the lease term of the operating lease expires, the lessee has three options for the leased assets (return, renewal, purchase and retention), and the lessor has to bear the residual value risk of the equipment. The reserve purchase price of operating lease shall be calculated according to the fair market price.
4. How does the lessee choose financial leasing and operating leasing?
The choice of leasing method depends on the needs of the lessee. Under the following circumstances, the lessee will choose to operate under lease:
1), the use time is not long, or it is used intermittently. Even if the unit time rent is high, the lessee is willing to adopt operating lease.
2) The lessee wants to use more lease items with the same amount of funds at the same time.
3) The lessee is on the move and wants to go into battle lightly.
4) Other financial reasons.
Under the following circumstances, the lessee is willing to adopt financial leasing:
1), the equipment used, and finally the fixed assets will be purchased.
2) The lessee is in a relatively stable state with little mobility or relocation.
3) Strong maintenance force, no need for the lessor to provide technical services.
4) Unwilling to bear higher operating lease rent.
5. How to calculate the financial lease rent?
There are two ways to calculate the financial lease rent.
1), equal contribution annuity method;
The lessee pays the same amount of rent every installment.
2) average capital Payment Law;
Divide the lease cost by the number of periods as the principal to be returned in each period. The interest payable in each period is calculated according to the balance of the previous principal.
Average capital's payment method is intuitive and easy to understand, which is very popular with the lessee. At present, most financial leasing companies adopt this rent calculation method.
What is financial leasing? What is operating lease? How is it different from financial leasing? Please give a popular example. Operating lease, also called temporary lease, refers to the valuable transfer of the right to use the fixed assets of an enterprise without changing the ownership of the fixed assets.
The characteristics of this kind of lease are: the lease term is short, the ownership remains unchanged, and the leased unit can not be recorded as the fixed assets of the enterprise, but can only be registered in the memorandum book;
Financial leasing refers to the fixed assets rented by enterprises from companies engaged in financial leasing business in order to increase equipment for the development of production. When the lease expires, the property right of the fixed assets is transferred to the leasing enterprise.
Under this leasing mode, the leased enterprise not only obtains the long-term use right, but also finally obtains the ownership of fixed assets. Therefore, the essence of this lease is to purchase fixed assets by stages. The characteristics of this lease are: long lease period, transfer of ownership, and the leased unit must register the fixed assets as enterprise assets. The main difference is whether the ownership is transferred to the sign.
Operating lease and financing lease