First, how to do corporate bonds:
1, take the initiative to pay off debts. According to the type, amount and agreed repayment period of debts, actively arrange funds, pay off debts in time or in advance, and save the capital cost and expenses of debt funds as much as possible.
2. Fully investigate the market, obtain favorable economic information, and carry out debt restructuring in a reasonable and legal way. Or use assets to pay debts, or use accounts receivable to pay debts, or use corresponding equity or creditor's rights to pay debts, or use needed fixed assets to pay debts, or use labor services to pay debts. Strive to use idle assets to offset the debts that should be repaid, optimize the company's capital structure, and reduce the asset-liability ratio, killing two birds with one stone.
3. Convert debt into capital. When there is no funds to pay off debts, the company should actively communicate with creditors and convert debts into capital (equity) in time. This can not only attract creditors to participate in company management, but also introduce advanced management mode and successful management experience, adjust the asset-liability structure, reduce the asset-liability ratio and save the interest expenses that debt funds should bear. At the same time, it can also overcome the negative impact of debt, change the channel of capital supply, enhance the ability of enterprises to resist financial risks, better participate in market competition, ensure the stability and development of the company, and ensure that the state, enterprise investors, creditors, employees and enterprise stakeholders get more economic benefits through debt planning.
Second, private enterprises.
1, generally refers to the name of private enterprises, referred to as private enterprises, companies or enterprise categories. There are different views on the concept of private enterprises in economic circles. One view is that private enterprises are legal person economic entities with private investment, private operation, private enjoyment of investment income and private undertaking of business risks. Another view is that relatively state-owned enterprises can be divided into state-owned private enterprises and private private enterprises according to different forms of ownership. The property rights of state-owned private enterprises belong to the state, and the lessee shall, in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, raise funds by itself, operate independently, be responsible for its own profits and losses and bear its own risks. Private enterprises refer to individual enterprises and private enterprises.
2. Broadly speaking, private enterprises are only relative to state-owned enterprises, but they are compatible with any non-state-owned enterprises, including state-owned and holding enterprises. So non-state-owned enterprises are all private enterprises.
"Private enterprises" in a narrow sense only refers to private enterprises and joint ventures with private enterprises as the main body.
3, from the formation of China's private enterprises, there are three main forms:
(1) Family businesses that started as self-employed individuals and gradually accumulated and developed, or were directly invested by family members;
(2) Friends and colleagues participate in joint ventures;
(3) State-owned or collective enterprises transform themselves through buyout.
(4) The characteristic of * * * is that the ownership of an enterprise belongs to one or a few investors, and its shares are constantly dispersed and socialized. Therefore, on the whole, although private enterprises have the advantages of high degree of marketization, flexible operation and light social burden, there are inevitably some problems in the development of private enterprises in China.
4. Operation mode
The mode of operation of private enterprises refers to the mode of operation in which the owners of enterprise assets conditionally transfer the business functions such as possession, use, disposal and income of assets to the enterprise on the premise of ensuring the ownership of assets from their own interests. At present, there are mainly contract management, share management, lease management, entrustment management and bidding management in China.