1. If shareholders include natural persons and legal persons, they are generally recognized as limited liability companies;
2. If the shareholders are completely natural persons, they are generally recognized as partnerships or private enterprises;
3. Other types.
Holding means that a company controls a company by holding a certain number of shares. Holding companies are divided into pure holding companies and mixed holding companies according to their holding methods. Pure holding companies do not directly engage in production and operation business, but only carry out capital operation by holding shares of other companies. Hybrid holding companies not only carry out capital operation through holding, but also engage in some production and operation businesses.
Controlling shareholders refer to shareholders whose capital contribution accounts for more than 50% of the total capital of a limited liability company or whose shares account for more than 50% of the total share capital of a joint stock limited company; Although the capital contribution or the proportion of shares held is less than 50%, but according to their capital contribution or shares held, shareholders have enough voting rights to the shareholders' meeting and the resolutions of the shareholders' meeting.
legal ground
Company Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 216 The meanings of the following terms in this Law:
(1) Senior management refers to the manager, deputy manager, financial officer, secretary of the board of directors of a listed company and other personnel stipulated in the articles of association of the company.
(2) Controlling shareholders refer to shareholders whose capital contribution accounts for more than 50% of the total capital of a limited liability company or whose shares account for more than 50% of the total share capital of a joint stock limited company; Although the capital contribution or the proportion of shares held is less than 50%, but according to their capital contribution or shares held, shareholders have enough voting rights to the shareholders' meeting and the resolutions of the shareholders' meeting.
(3) "Actual controller" refers to a person who is not a shareholder of the company, but can actually control the company's behavior through investment relations, agreements or other arrangements.
(4) Relationship refers to the relationship between the controlling shareholder, actual controller, directors, supervisors and senior managers of the company and the enterprises directly or indirectly controlled by them, as well as other relationships that may lead to the transfer of the company's interests. However, state-controlled enterprises are not related only because they are controlled by the state.