Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Bai Cui, Acanthopanax, Pinus sylvestris and other tree species are unique to Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan. There are also abundant medicinal materials under the forest in the reserve. There are 22 13 species of vascular plants belonging to 967 genera in 220 families, including ferns belonging to 73 genera in 36 families 13 1 species. Gymnosperms belong to 5 families and 8 genera 13 species; Angiosperms 179 families, 886 genera, 2069 species. Among them, there are three kinds of Cycas under national first-class protection: pumpkin, Castanopsis eyrei and Cephalotaxus hainanensis, and there are plantain, Youdan, Hainan Runnan, butterfly tree, golden retriever, water fern, Cycas, Platanus acerifolia, copper tree, Castanopsis fargesii, Hainan bauhinia, hump vine and Hainan stone under national second-class protection. There are 335 species of fungi belonging to 17 orders and 38 families.
vegetation type
Vegetation can be roughly divided into several types.
(1) The valley rainforests are distributed in small strips in the valley terrain within the range of 400-800 meters above sea level. The main representative tree species are mother, winter plus, pinus pinnatifida and Cephalotaxus hainanensis, and there are mother and pinus pinnatifida communities.
(2) The low mountain rainforest is distributed below 600m above sea level, which is a part of the vegetation in the buffer zone and experimental area of the reserve, and also the vast majority of the development potential of forest tourism outside the reserve. The main representative varieties are plum, keli, wild litchi, Luohong and most species of banyan. On the one hand, there are strange phenomena of strangulation and epiphysis. On the other hand, due to the barren land, a semi-deciduous monsoon forest with only one arbor layer is formed. There are wild litchi community, Luohong community, Meihua community, Banyan community, Acer truncatum community and Ji Jian community.
(3) The mountainous rain forest in Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan has the largest area, which is distributed in various terrain conditions at an altitude of 600- 1000 m, and becomes the main vegetation in the reserve. The forest is evergreen all year round, and the crown fluctuates. Mountain rain forest is a typical vegetation type in the vertical natural belt of mountains in tropical areas. It is the main vegetation in Bawangling Nature Reserve and even the whole forest area, mainly composed of plants of Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Fraxinus mandshurica, Podocarpaceae and other families, especially with obvious dominant species, which is completely different from the phenomenon that there are no dominant species in typical tropical rain forest communities, while Pinus yunnanensis and Prunus persica from Taiwan Province have greater advantages, so it can be called the groups of Pinus yunnanensis and Prunus persica from Taiwan Province. Other communities include Youdan community, mangrove community, wild litchi community and mountain oil palm community. Generally, there are three tree layers, one shrub layer and one surface layer. The interlayer is rich in plants, and the phenomenon is obvious at all.
④ Mountain evergreen forest is distributed between tropical mountain rain forest and mountain dwarf forest on the vertical belt of tropical mountain, with an altitude of about 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,400 m. There are often some coniferous tree species in the rain forest community types, such as Taxodium hainanensis, Taxodium tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. There are Cryptomeria hainanensis community, Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica community and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica community. Generally, there are only two tree layers, one shrub layer and one surface layer. There are many epiphytes and few climbing plants, and the accumulation of dominant species is absolutely dominant.
⑤ The vegetation under the bryophyte forest at the top of the mountain is distributed near the lonely peak or narrow ridge above the altitude of1400 m.. The main representative tree species are Rhododendron yunjin, Cyclobalanopsis huangpi and Pteris fischeriana, and Rhododendron yunjin community is distributed. There are few interlaminar plants, rich bryophytes, and the phenomenon of plate root is rare. Generally there is only one tree layer and one surface layer.
Economic species
Medicinal plants: such as Spatholobus suberectus and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. , Coptidis Rhizoma, Tripterygium Wilfordii, Amomum villosum, Astragalus membranaceus, Alpinia oxyphylla, Cephalotaxus hainanensis, Hedyotis aestivum, etc.
Ornamental plants: bird's nest fern, evergreen, brown bamboo, Solanum nigrum, mallow, Aralia pinnata, Alsophila spinulosa, wild flowers, etc. At the same time, there are a large number of aromatic plants.
general situation
There are 365 species of higher animals in 28 orders, 85 families, 2097 species of insects 14 orders, 335 species of fungi 17 orders, and 73 genera13/kloc-0 species of pteridophytes in Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve. Among them, there are six species of Hainan gibbon, clouded leopard, peacock pheasant, monitor lizard, Hainan mountain partridge and python under national first-class protection. Hainan water deer, green emperor pigeon, silver pheasant, pheasant, mountain emperor pigeon, tiger frog, Hainan civet, civet cat, macaque, pangolin, black bear, Hainan otter, Hainan ferret, Hainan rabbit, giant squirrel, yellow-billed egret, kestrel, silver carp with black crown and cuckoo falcon with brown crown, etc. Brown-winged Jay, Little Jay, Collar Owl, Spotted Owl, Brown Fish Owl, Collar Owl, Yellow-lipped Owl, Brown Forest Owl, Gray-throated Swift, Silver-breasted Silk-crested Owl and Blue-winged Owl. Included in the Sino-Japanese migratory bird protection agreement are cattle egret, green-backed egret, great egret, yellow-billed egret, sparrow hawk, white-headed harrier, crane, fan-tailed sand cone, big sand cone, blue-breasted crake, woodcock, green-footed sandpiper and white-waisted sandpiper. There are 42 species, such as blackbird, tiger-spotted thrush, white-browed thrush, light-footed tree warbler, scaly-headed tree warbler, spear-spotted locust warbler, yellow-browed willow warbler, robin, northern gray owl, etc., among which there are colored snipes and golden owls listed in the Sino-Australian migratory bird protection agreement.
fauna
According to the zoogeographical division, Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan belongs to the South China Hainan Sub-region of Oriental World. Among all breeding birds and mammals, the Oriental realm accounts for more than 80%, the rest are widely distributed, and the Palaearctic realm is rare.
According to the main vegetation types and landform conditions in Bawangling, birds and animals can be divided into four flora, namely, tropical valley rainforest flora, which inhabits lowlands and valley rainforests at an altitude of 400-800 m; Tropical mountain rain forest and mountain evergreen forest fauna are distributed in mountainous areas with an altitude of 600- 1400 m; Mountain-top dwarf forest fauna, located at the mountain top or butte above 1400 meters above sea level; Low mountain rain forest and mountain grass slope fauna are distributed in low mountain rain forest and grassland at an altitude of 350-800 m.
Representative species
1, black gibbon, national first-class protected animal.
Black gibbon is one of the four great apes in the world, completely tailless, belonging to higher apes. It has many similarities with humans, such as blood type, chromosome, menstrual cycle and pregnancy cycle. At present, they only live in Hainan Island in China and some tropical and subtropical areas in southern Yunnan Province. It is 50 cm long and weighs 7 ~ 8 kg. It likes to live in groups, often living together in small groups (2 ~ 6 animals), occupying a certain area, and its habitat, foraging and climbing activities depend on the forest environment. The superior natural conditions and abundant plant resources in Bawangling provide a good habitat and food source for the black gibbon, which makes it well protected and propagated, thus preserving the population.
2. Peacock pheasant, also known as Nuoguanggui and Grey Peacock Pheasant, is a national first-class protected animal.
Peacock pheasant male is about 65 cm long, with dark brown feathers, almost pure white fine spots and horizontal spots; There are brilliant eye spots with purple or emerald metallic luster on the upper back, wings and tail feathers, like holes and freckles on peacock feathers, hence the name. The natural conditions in Bawangling provide a good habitat and food source for peacock pheasant, which makes it well protected and multiplied, thus preserving the population.