When did the wired telephone appear?

With the evolution of military communication means in the world, telephone, radio, etc. It has also been introduced to China and applied to the military field. From 1900 to 1906, telephone communication was established in Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai and other places, and military wired telephone communication was also widely used in the military. 1900 or so, in order to strengthen the defense, firstly, wireless motors are set between guangzhou fu and Makou, Qianshan, Weiyuan and other fortresses, and defense ships such as Guang Hai, Bobby, Longxiang, Jiangda, Jianggong, Gu Jiang and Jianghan. 1905, Yuan Shikai purchased seven Marconi wireless motors and packed them on four warships in Beijing, namely Nanyuan, Tianjin, Baoding, Haiqi, Hairong, Haichou and Haichen. At the same time, Yuan Shikai also repaired the old barracks of Tianjin Railway Station and started a telecom team. He selected some soldiers from six towns in Beiyang, conducted formation study, and offered courses such as communication service and military line connection for one year. After graduation, students are assigned to various units to be responsible for communication. Later, the telecom team merged with Baoding's signal team and was renamed the telecom signal team as the military communication professional and technical college of Beiyang Army.

After entering the Republic of China, with the continuous progress of the world's military communication means, China's military communication has also made great progress. In order to adapt to the development of military communication field and cultivate military communication talents, in 19 13, Beiyang government established the army telecom teaching camp, that is, "telecom education for conducting investigation and research on necessary matters of military communication". The teaching camp is run by the Military Science Department of Zhili Military Ministry, and each class enrolls students. 50 students, served as platoon leader from each division for more than one year; 528 students were selected from the soldiers who served in each division for more than one year, and received school education for one year and two years respectively. After graduation, they all returned to their original divisions, organized teaching classes in each division, and "transferred or reviewed" the non-commissioned officers and soldiers in the division battalion for the purpose of strengthening communication technology such as telephone and telegraph. 1930, the Nanjing National Government set up a radio training course in Nanjing. The teachers included Chen Keqian, chief of the electric affairs department of the Navy Department, and Lin Shen, a clerk. The trainees selected two batches of ***57 trainees from Fuzhou Naval Art School and entered the camp in two phases. In the first phase, 29 trainees graduated on June 1932, and in the second phase, 28 trainees graduated on June 65438. 1934, the Nanjing National Government established the Army Signal Corps School, which mainly studied modern communication technology, including cable classes, radio classes, communication sergeant training classes and special communication teaching teams. Among them, the wired electric class is to recruit officers from all divisions, artillery lieutenants and second lieutenants to study in the school and conduct short-term training on wired telephones. Since the beginning of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Army Communication School has continued to provide the original training courses for cadet teams, student teams and sergeants, and according to wartime needs, it has focused its education on basic coaches and combat coaches, such as technical training and laying wired electricity and radio. In terms of empty cars, the Central Aviation School established by 1932 set up a telecommunications technology group, and then set up an aviation communication school to train military communication talents of the Air Force. 1In August, 940, the Kuomintang Aviation Committee resumed the original training course for communication personnel of the Central Aviation School in Chengdu. 1944, based on this class, was expanded into an air force communication school to train air force communication talents in short supply during wartime.

After the application of modern communication means in the military field, the face of war has changed greatly. That's when the warring parties started to get information from each other's communication systems. 19 13 Yuan Shikai assassinated Song, which triggered the second revolution. In July, Yuan Shikai learned that Li Liejun had returned to Hukou to prepare for the attack, so he sent Beiyang Army to attack Jiangxi Army. Because of fighting alone, Jiangxi Army lost in the battle with Beiyang Army. In this case, the military headquarters of Hunan Doudufu and Sichuan Army telegraphed that the third route would send troops to attack Wuhan, threatening the flank of Beiyang Army and saving Jiangxi Army from difficulties. As a result, the telegram was intercepted by Tang, commander-in-chief of the Guizhou Army, and informed the Beiyang Army, which led to the bankruptcy of the Third Route Army's plan to attack Wuhan. This is an example of China's early use of telegrams to obtain military information.