I. Definition: A bank is a legally established financial institution engaged in monetary and credit business, which is the product of the development of commodity monetary economy to a certain stage.
Classification: Banks are divided into central banks, policy banks, commercial banks, investment banks and the World Bank, with different responsibilities.
1. Central Bank: China People's Bank is the central bank of China.
2. State-owned policy banks: including The Export-Import Bank of China, China Agricultural Development Bank and China Development Bank.
3. State-owned commercial banks: including China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Construction Bank, China Postal Savings Bank and Bank of Communications. ?
4. Investment banks: including Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, UBS Group AG, Societe Generale, etc.
5. World Bank: It is used to help countries overcome poverty. Various institutions play a unique role in the mission of alleviating poverty and improving living standards.
According to their functions, they can be divided into central banks, commercial banks, investment banks, savings banks and other professional credit institutions. They constitute a modern banking system with the central bank as the center, joint-stock commercial banks as the main body and all kinds of banks coexisting.
Three. Commerce: A bank is an enterprise that deals in money. Its existence facilitates the raising and financing of social funds, and it is a very important member of financial institutions.
1. On the one hand, it collects idle monetary funds and small monetary savings in society by absorbing deposits, and then lends them to people who need to replenish money in the form of loans; Here, banks act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers.
2. On the other hand, banks handle the payment and settlement of money for commodity producers and businessmen, and also act as payment intermediaries. In short, banks play the role of credit intermediaries. The basic functions of commercial banks include: credit intermediary, payment intermediary, credit creation and financial services.