Thymosin a 1, thymosin, thymopentin, what's the difference? Which is better?

Thymosin, thymopentin, and Ridaxian (thymosin a 1), which are made in China and imported, 1. Introduction: Thymus: Thymus is located behind the sternum, close to the heart, gray-red, flat oval, divided into left and right lobes, composed of lymphoid tissue. Hair is well filled before puberty, but gradually degenerates after puberty and is replaced by adipose tissue. Thymus is not only a place where T cells develop, differentiate and mature, but also an important central immune organ of the body. It can secrete a variety of peptide hormones and is also an important endocrine organ. Thymic hormone regulates the development, differentiation and maturation of T cells by paracrine in the thymus, and also enters the blood, affecting the functions of peripheral immune organs and neuroendocrine system. Therefore, thymus is an important organ in immune neuroendocrine network. Thymosin is a kind of protein and polypeptide hormone produced by thymus gland. It is a biological response regulator, which can promote lymphocyte maturation, regulate and enhance human immune mechanism, and has clinical effects of anti-aging, anti-viral replication and anti-tumor cell differentiation. Thymosin preparation has been used clinically in China for more than 20 years, and its main component is thymus tissue extract of healthy calves and other animals. However, due to the different production processes and standards of various preparations, the product quality and clinical efficacy are also quite different. Thymopentin: Thymopentin (TP-5) consists of five amino acids: arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine and tyrosine, and is the effective part of thymopoietin II in thymus secretion. Thymosin ⅱ is a single polypeptide compound separated from thymosin, which consists of 49 amino acids. The peptide chain fragment composed of 5 amino acids has all the same physiological functions as thymosin ⅱ, so this pentapeptide fragment is called thymopentin. At present, thymopentin preparation in China is a compound synthesized by high-tech means with amino acids as raw materials, with clear structure and high purity. Thymosin α 1 (Sun Daxian): Thymosin α 1(Tα 1) is a high-end product of thymosin. The drug is a small molecule bioactive polypeptide isolated from thymosin component 5(TF-5), which consists of 28 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3 108.37. Thymosin α 1 and thymosin Ⅱ are two components of thymosin that are most clearly understood by human beings at present. Therefore, thymosin α 1 on the market, like thymopentin, has a clear structure and a purity of over 99%. Generally speaking, thymosin, thymopentin and thymosin α 1 are immunomodulators of thymosin, which can regulate the development, differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes, repair damaged T lymphocytes and play an important role in human immune system. Thymosin is an animal thymus extract, which contains a variety of thymosins. Thymopeptide and thymosin α 1 are important active components in human thymocytes. They are synthetic, with clear active ingredients and clear mechanism of action, and no skin test is needed. Thymosin lyophilized powder for injection, enteric-coated tablets, enteric-coated capsules and sodium chloride injection Product name Desai Injection, Chimoxinkan Sian Fabu Thymosin Taipusheng Desai Tablet Xinzhuangtai Thymosin Injection: 1985, Thymosin Pentapeptide is listed in Italy with the trade name "Timunox". 65438-0997 Thymopeptide (trade name: He Xin), the first self-developed synthetic peptide drug, was successfully developed by Hainan Zhonghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and first listed in China, which played an important role in fighting SARS in 2003. Subsequently, the products of Sichuan Yuanji Pharmaceutical, Beijing Shuanglu Pharmaceutical and Dandong Yichuang Pharmaceutical were also approved for production. As of June 2006, SFDA has approved 36 enterprises to produce thymopentin and its injection. In the process of clinical popularization, thymopentin is welcomed by doctors and patients because of its high purity, stable quality, exact curative effect, safety and reliability, and no skin test before use. Product name, dosage form and specification: thymopentin dosage form specification 1mg specification 10mg freeze-dried powder injection, taiputing and xinhanqiang hanning aotaiti, wutaizeti injection and Xinshe (pre-filled) thymosin α 1: At the end of last century, the product "Ridaxian" of Italian Saisheng Company had entered the China market and was used alone. At the end of 2002, SFDA approved Sichuan Yuanji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to produce APIs, and Chengdu Di 'ao Hong Jiu Pharmaceutical Factory produced 1.6mg lyophilized powder for injection. Subsequently, Hainan Shuangcheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Hainan Zhonghe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. respectively obtained the approval documents for the production of APIs and injections issued by SFDA. Clinical application has proved that thymosin α 1 has good safety, almost no adverse reactions, and no skin test is needed before use. Product name of Ridaxian and Rimaipu Xinjitai lyophilized powder for injection. The mechanism of thymosin, thymopentin and thymosin α 1 in clinical application is basically the same, which mainly acts on all stages of T lymphocyte differentiation, development and maturity, thus regulating cellular immune function and enhancing the body's ability to prevent and resist diseases. Thymosin has been used in clinic for the longest time, the widest range, and the most kinds and dosage forms of products. However, many adverse reactions and uneven product quality have restricted its development. Both thymopentin and thymosin α 1 are highly effective immunomodulators. There are many manufacturers of thymopentin and the price is low. Clinically, it has been proved that thymopentin can be combined with many commonly used drugs, including interferon, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, hormones, analgesics, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, drugs for treating cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system drugs, contraceptives and so on. However, drug half-life is short (30 seconds) and needs to be injected once a day or every other day to maintain the therapeutic concentration. Thymosin α 1 has a long half-life in vivo and only needs to be injected twice a week. At the same time, it still has long-term therapeutic effect after drug withdrawal, but it is expensive.