1. 1988 After the first housing system reform conference was held, 199 1 housing credit business started and various housing credit policies were introduced. 199 1 China Construction Bank and China Industrial and Commercial Bank set up a real estate credit department to handle personal housing credit business, and formulated the Measures for the Administration of Housing Mortgage Loans for Employees.
2. Due to the slow progress of housing system reform, 1992 saw a real estate boom, and 1993 began to regulate.
3. In August, the People's Bank of China promulgated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Self-operated Housing Loans of Commercial Banks, 1995, which marked that the commercial housing loans of Chinese banks were on the right track. However, the conditions at that time were still relatively strict. First, it is required to provide double guarantees, that is, mortgage guarantee and guarantee guarantee. Second, the longest term is 65,438+00 years. Third, the borrower is required to pay a deposit in advance, the deposit amount is not less than 30% of the house price, and the deposit period must be more than half a year.
4.65438-0997, the People's Bank of China promulgated the Administrative Measures for Personal Guaranteed Housing Loans, which revised the original Interim Measures, mainly in the following aspects: First, there is no need for double guarantees. Second, the deposit period is not clearly defined. Third, the interest rate policy clearly stipulates that the interest rate of fixed assets loans will be reduced in the same period. If the term is 5 years, the 3-year fixed asset loan interest rate will be implemented; If the term is more than 5 years to 65,438+00 years, the 5-year fixed asset loan interest rate will be implemented; If the term is more than 10 years, it will rise appropriately on the basis of the 5-year fixed asset loan interest rate, with the maximum not exceeding 5%. Four, the scope of use of the loan is the ordinary self-occupied housing built by the provident fund. Fifth, the main borrowers are commercial banks in 223 cities that have implemented housing projects and housing savings commercial banks in Yantai and Bengbu. Six, the loan processing time is three months, that is, within three months, the bank will complete the loan evaluation and review, and make a formal reply to the applicant.
5.1In April 1998, the People's Bank of China issued the Notice on Increasing Housing Credit Investment to Support Housing Construction and Consumption, followed by the Measures for the Administration of Individual Housing Loans. Compared with the Measures for the Administration of Personal Housing Loans promulgated by the People's Bank of China 1998 in April, the main differences are as follows: First, the scope of housing loans has been expanded. The original "Measures" stipulated that individual housing loans can only be used to buy self-occupied ordinary housing built with provident fund, while the new "Measures" stipulated that individual housing loans can be used to buy all self-occupied ordinary housing. The second is to expand the scope of cities where loans are implemented. The original "Measures" stipulated that individual housing loan business was only implemented in pilot cities of housing projects, but the new "Measures" cancelled this restriction, that is, all towns can carry out individual housing loan business. The third is to expand the scope of financial institutions that handle personal housing loans. Because the original "Measures" stipulated that individual housing loans can only be used for residents in pilot cities of housing projects to purchase self-occupied ordinary houses built with provident funds, in fact, only industrial, construction and agricultural banks can handle individual housing loans. After the new "Measures" cancel the above restrictions, almost all banks can handle individual housing loans. Fourth, the interest rate is more favorable. It is stipulated that the interest rate of housing loans for commercial banks' own accounts will fluctuate according to the statutory loan interest rate, that is, the personal housing loans with a term of 5- 10 will be subject to the general loan interest rate of 3-5 years and the general loan interest rate of 1-3 years will be subject to the term of 3-5 years. The fifth is to speed up the formalities. From the original three months to three weeks.
The implementation of this policy directly stimulated the growth of housing loans. 1998 personal housing loans increased by 32.4 billion yuan over the previous year, and 1999 increased by 85.8 billion yuan.
6. During the period of1999, the People's Bank of China issued "Several Opinions on Encouraging Consumer Loans", which increased the proportion of housing loans to house prices from 70% to 80% and encouraged commercial banks to provide all-round high-quality financial services. In September of the same year, PBOC adjusted the term and interest rate of individual housing loans, extended the maximum term of individual housing loans from 20 years to 30 years, and further lowered the interest rate of individual housing loans by 10%. At the same time, the term of provident fund loans has also been adjusted accordingly. The interest rate of provident fund loans for more than five years is 4.59%, and that for less than five years is 4. 14%. With the increase of loan ratio, the extension of term and the decrease of interest rate, the lender's own funds need to be prepared are reduced. The extension of term and the decrease of interest rate mean that the pressure of repayment of principal and interest in each period is reduced. Therefore, in 2000, the growth of housing loans entered a stage of rapid growth. Half of the new loans are used for personal housing loans.
7. On February 2, 2002, the People's Bank of China lowered the interest rate of individual housing provident fund loans for less than five years (including five years) from the current 4. 14% to 3.6%, and for more than five years from the current 4.59% to 4.05%.
8. On June 3rd, 2003, the People's Bank of China issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Real Estate Credit Business. This circular has some new policies and regulations on loans for real estate development enterprises: loans applied by commercial banks to real estate development enterprises can only be issued through real estate development loan subjects, and it is strictly forbidden to issue working capital loans for real estate development and other forms of loans. At the same time, commercial banks are required to issue real estate loans, which can only be used for local real estate projects, and cross-regional use is strictly prohibited. At the same time, the "Notice" once again reiterated that the self-owned funds of real estate development enterprises applying for bank loans shall not be less than 30% of the total investment of development projects.
In terms of personal housing loans, the circular pointed out that commercial banks should focus on supporting residential projects that meet the purchasing power of low-and middle-income families, and appropriately restrict projects such as large-sized, large-area, high-grade commercial housing and villas. According to the notice, the current preferential housing loan interest rate and down payment ratio are not less than 20% for the purchase of the first home mortgage loan for personal use. For borrowers who purchase high-grade commercial housing, villas or second or above commercial housing, commercial banks may appropriately increase the down payment ratio of individual housing loans, and implement it according to the loan interest rate of the same grade in the same period announced by the People's Bank of China, and no longer implement the preferential provisions on housing interest rates. In addition, the "Notice" stipulates that commercial banks can only issue individual housing loans to residents whose main structure has been capped.
9. In March 2005, the central bank issued the Notice on Adjusting the Housing Credit Policy of Commercial Banks and the Interest Rate of Excess Reserve Deposits, which released the upper limit of the loan interest rate and reiterated that the lower limit interest rate was 0.9 times of the benchmark interest rate. At the same time, in cities or regions where real estate prices are rising too fast, the minimum down payment ratio of individual housing loans can be increased from 20% to 30%.
1 0.0 in may 2006, the central bank issued the notice on adjusting the housing credit policy, stipulating that the down payment ratio of individual housing mortgage loans should not be less than 30% from June 20061. However, for the purchase of self-occupied housing with a construction area of less than 90 square meters, the down payment ratio of 20% is still implemented.
11.In August 2006, the central bank raised the benchmark interest rate of RMB deposits and loans. In order to further promote the marketization of commercial personal housing loan interest rate, the lower limit of interest rate was expanded from 0.9 times of the benchmark interest rate to 0.85 times, and the interest rate of personal housing provident fund loans remained unchanged.
12. In September 2007, the central bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the Notice on Strengthening the Credit Management of Commercial Real Estate, stipulating that the down payment ratio of loans should not be less than 20% for the purchase of the first self-occupied house with a construction area of less than 90 square meters. Purchase the first set of self-occupied housing with a building area of over 90 square meters in Xing Tao, and the down payment ratio of the loan shall not be less than 30%; If you have used the loan to purchase a house and apply for the purchase of a second house (inclusive), the down payment ratio of the loan shall not be less than 40%, and the loan interest rate shall not be less than 1. 1 times of the benchmark interest rate of the same grade in the same period announced by the People's Bank of China.
13 In 2008, the central bank issued a notice to expand the lower limit of the interest rate of commercial personal housing loans to 0.7 times the benchmark interest rate of loans, and adjust the minimum down payment ratio to 20%.
14, the State Council 2010 April 17, the new mortgage policy was promulgated, requiring strict restrictions on all kinds of real estate speculation and speculative house purchase. That is to say, the down payment ratio of the buyer who borrows money to buy a second house shall not be less than 50%, and the interest rate shall not be less than the benchmark interest rate 1. 1 times. According to the risk situation, commercial banks can suspend the issuance of loans for the purchase of third and above houses. At the same time, some banks have suspended the loan business of "third and above housing".