"Unity of knowledge and action" comes from Wang Shouren, a master of psychology. Wang Shouren, a native of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, was a scholar in Hongzhi. A few years later, Ming Taizu Zheng De succeeded to the throne. Mr. Wang's most famous story is that he put down the rebellion during Zheng De's reign (Wang Ning is Wang Ning in Tang Bohu's Chou-heung). There are many appellations about Mr. Wang, the biggest of which is one of the four Confucian saints who are equally famous with Confucius, Mencius and Zhu.
Not many people know Mr Wang. If you ask online, is Wang Shouren a saint? It is estimated that netizens can play. In my opinion, Mr. Wang's mind is really great, but from beginning to end, he has never intervened in or directly confronted the mainstream thoughts of the ruling class. In contrast, Wang Shouren's influence is far less than that of other thinkers. Therefore, some people who like psychology think that Wang Shouren can definitely be called a saint, but some people think that just being called a saint is not enough.
There is an indisputable fact in history that the Ming Dynasty died of party struggle. Of course, the party struggle has caused trouble in Lindong. Let's look at Lindong Party. They are all descendants of Wang Xue. It can be said that many historians and people who love history are very concerned about how Lindong Party misled the country. From a schemer's point of view, the influence of psychology in the late Ming Dynasty was still great, and this influence was subtle.
"Unity of knowledge and action" is one of Mr. Wang's most important thoughts. I am ashamed that I didn't understand the meaning of the famous "four-sentence teaching" until now. On the surface, the so-called "unity of knowledge and action" is very simple, that is, unifying thoughts and actions. But in fact, it is very complicated and tedious to discuss the theoretical thought of mind. Like many people, when I think about this theory, I think of a word, and that is "Don't forget your active thinking". I think "don't forget your active thinking" can be said to be a good starting point for "conscience" thinking. But this is just a starting point.
I think psychology is very attractive and I like it very much, but I think it is too difficult to "integrate knowledge with practice".
What I want to say is that I saw a person who I think really achieved the "unity of knowledge and action", although this person does not exist at all.
02
In the inland of China, the most popular TV dramas should be military movies. It can be said that military TV dramas are really suitable for all ages, regardless of gender. The man I'm talking about is the head of our regiment, Lang Zhangwen.
I've never watched My Head and My Regiment as a TV series. In my opinion, it is more like a work of art that people can appreciate. Of course, many people scoff at this TV series. I think this TV series puts things that exist naturally in front of people, and naturally some people think that some things are better left unsaid.
Like Blade 1937, this TV series uses the music of French composer Frédéric Talgorn as the background music.
The content of the whole TV series is probably like this: the expeditionary force recruited a group of stragglers from the Sichuan Army, and all factions went to Myanmar. Because of the command confusion of the international allied forces, these stragglers were defeated before confronting the Japanese army. At this time, a person who claimed to be in charge organized these people and ran back while fighting. After the battle of Nanmen, they kept the Japanese army out of the Nujiang River and won the defense for the troops on the other side.
The colonel is fake, but the teacher over there thinks he is a talented person, so he is appointed as a real colonel, but only the colonel of the cannon fodder regiment composed of this wave of stragglers. When the Japanese saw that the national army had held the Nujiang River, they built fortifications on the Nantianmen and defended it. The teacher was bent on fighting the Nujiang River and recovering the worse gate, but the colonel saw through the Japanese mind. The worse gate is a big trap set by the Japanese army. He argued and persuaded the teachers not to attack the worse gate, lest they fall into the trap of the Japanese army. However, while persuading his teachers, he thought of a way to capture the worse gate, set up commandos to raid the worse gate, and stayed there for more than 30 days, waiting for reinforcements to fight. The TV ended with the arrival of reinforcements (with cuts). The novel ends with the head of the regiment committing suicide.
About the background: this TV series fills a gap in the TV series on the theme of the Anti-Japanese War. 1in March, 938, the national army defeated the Japanese army with less than 6 times the strength and more than 2 times the mortality rate. Yes, before that, we didn't win a battle, and after that, we didn't win many battles until the whole situation of World War II reversed (of course, the turning point of World War II was undoubtedly that Li Yunlong shot Pingan County, for details, please refer to online search). The whole situation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is that the land falls step by step, the troops are defeated one by one, and the people are fleeing everywhere. Of course, the TV series can't show how the national army was defeated step by step during the Anti-Japanese War, but it is a fact. Many people think that this TV play has demonized the image of the expeditionary force. As an elite force of the Kuomintang, the expeditionary force is certainly not as shabby as described on TV. This is true, but there is still a problem. Elite troops do not represent elite troops, and the high quality of soldiers is not directly related to whether they can win the battle. Otherwise, the expeditionary force may have a better ending.
About the characters in this TV series.
1, Teacher Yu Xiaoqing is an officer of the Kuomintang, who loves resisting Japan and serving the country. His mantra is "How can we sit idly by when the country is in trouble?" He believes that soldiers should go to war, should sacrifice for their country, and should be prepared to sacrifice everyone's life to win. Of course, these people include himself. At the end of TV and the novel, the author expressed his helplessness to this kind of person.
2. The young soldiers in the spy camp around Yu Xiaoqing are all his cronies and fans. They look down on those soldiers who are waiting to die. They think they are different from those people, but they don't know that they are actually soldiers in the past.
Intuitively, they think that being able to resist Japan and save the country is more noble than others. Yes, that's true, but it's very important that you can only feel the power of bullets and shells if you have fought with the enemy at close range. Oh, this is what war looks like. At that time, no one even felt how noble he was.
In their eyes, Yu Xiaoqing is their idol. When Long Wenzhong produced sufficient evidence to prove that Yu Xiaoqing was wrong, Yu Xiaoqing's battle plan was to let all the divisions die. They didn't panic or reflect, but wanted to kill Long Wenzhong. Yes, they are incompetent in the face of questions, but they have a way to face the questioner. At that time, what morality, what quality, and what elite had vanished before they went to war.
3. Every soldier of the cannon fodder regiment is a soldier left by the Kuomintang in various battlefields during the Anti-Japanese War. They come from northeast China, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and Shanghai. They come from different factions. The only thing in common is that they were defeated, but they survived. They are extremely looking forward to victory, even if it is a victory that costs their lives.
They are not afraid to give their lives, but they are afraid to die in vain.
4. It is superfluous that the father of the protagonist Meng Fanle, the scholar who sits at home and curses the status quo, attacked him that day. All he could do was run, from Beijing to the south, from the south to the border, from the border to the occupied area, and then became a traitor to help the Japanese imprison women.
Many people think this old man is annoying, but I think this kind of person is terrible because he is a scholar. I think this is a good example of the old saying, "Most righteous people are butchering the dog generation, and all ungrateful people are scholars". It is extremely difficult for you to make a scholar admit his mistake, because he has read too many books and knows too much, and he can find an excuse 10 times more than ordinary people to refute it. Their knowledge always makes them invincible.
03
Take the two plots in the play to talk about the "unity of knowledge and action" in Long Wen's article.
1, Long believes that in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the reason why this country is in a state of great waste and its army is losing ground is because China people love comfort too much. That is what he said, "China people died of resignation and carelessness." "I'm not afraid dead, I'm afraid I don't feel at ease, I don't want my life, I feel at ease, that's the problem. For many years, this is a dead hole that has been nailed to death. "
It can be said that the colonel's idea is a standard Lu Xun-style idea, and it can also be said that it is a critical idea. Critical ideas are generally not put into practice. You know, although Mr. Lu Xun said that studying medicine can't save China people, he didn't see Mr. Lu Xun encouraging others to abandon medicine and join literature.
In the play, he and his cannon fodder regiment were originally guarding the unimportant position of sacrificial flag slope, but suddenly one day, the Japanese army sent a team of death squads to raid, and their positions were out of order because of the decision-making mistakes of the head of the main regiment responsible for river defense. The troops did not organize an effective counterattack. They all said that the teacher was dead and began to run away. It happened that Long Zhangwen and the cannon fodder regiment were in Changda Town. They blocked the road in the street and didn't let the troops escape until the teacher arrived.
Then they went to the defensive position, and a small group of Japanese soldiers rushed to the position. They could have wiped out all the Japanese troops on the shore. But Long Wenzhong didn't do this. He kept these Japanese soldiers hiding under the position. The teacher ran angrily to their position and flew into a rage, asking him why.
Then he began to speak his own truth.
There are two reasons for the head.
A. Keeping this wave of Japanese troops allows veterans to take recruits who have not fought with the Japanese army round by round, so that the recruits can feel the atmosphere and learn how to fight. The colonel said that he had only a dozen veterans who could fight, and it was not difficult to get rid of this wave of Japanese troops. But if the Japanese rushed to the position where they sacrificed the flag slope, their regiment would have no resistance at all. Those recruits don't know what to do at all, and they can't form any fighting capacity on the battlefield. Strictly speaking, those able-bodied men are either soldiers or "they will never get down if they don't shout down. If they take two more steps, they think they can run past the bomb."
B. let the military and civilians increase their awareness of crisis and prevention. When the Changda people saw that the Japanese were going to cross the Nujiang River, they were ready to run. Later, they found that the Kuomintang held the Nujiang River and went on living as if nothing had happened. For the people, I will run when Japan comes. What shall I do if the Japanese don't come? Not only the common people, but also the soldiers in the army felt that the confrontation between the two armies was quite good. There was no need to fight, and no one would die. They fell into a state of laxity, which led the Japanese army to tinker around and let them think about nothing and flee everywhere. They didn't realize that the Japanese army was never idle. The Japanese have hollowed out the worse gate and are building fortifications.
But teachers also have their own reasons. The teachers' reason is simple. You are a soldier, and your responsibility is to guard the defense line, not just to talk about it.
The colonel's actions had serious consequences. A handful of Japanese soldiers ran into the Woods, killed a soldier in the dark, sneaked into Changda and killed some people. From then on, the colonel's soldiers were in fear every day, always on guard against the Japanese, and the people of Changda began to organize their own militia, afraid to enjoy comfort.
The colonel's idea is right, but as annoying as he said, oversight needs the result of the enemy's total annihilation. But the result was that the devil ran away and the people were killed. A beautiful battle report is gone. The teacher is also right. The army guards the river defense and protects the people. This is the mission of soldiers. It's no different for a commander to get the enemy out of his defense line so easily, which is no different from collaborating with the enemy.
I prefer one to solve the face problem and the other to solve the lining problem.
Imagine if War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was just a war between Japan and China, what would this war look like?
This will be a contest between two war strategies: protracted war and maintaining war with war. The national government is likely to perish, Japan will support a new puppet government, and the battlefield behind enemy lines will become bigger and bigger. With the development of our party's ideological work, this will inevitably develop into a national war of resistance.
But no matter what the outcome is, no matter who wins or loses in the end, we will all enter a new era, and the war before this must be the people's war. I think not realizing this is also an important reason why the national government lost quickly in the war of liberation.
It takes great courage to put critical ideas into action. But history is always more cruel than stories. The historical event described in this TV is that the expeditionary force stepped into the trap of the Japanese army and suffered a fiasco. Therefore, the role of the head of the regiment is very similar to that of a soul-evoking person, bringing out the souls of these dead soldiers and the lost souls of a nation.
The US military distributed some new equipment. A liaison officer and a mechanic were used to assist the cannon fodder regiment. The people in the cannon fodder regiment are not very interested in these two people. After checking their guns, liaison officer McLuhan was very disappointed with them and considered leaving. Of course, he also explained why he wanted to leave: he thought that the cannon fodder regiment was undisciplined and irresponsible, and did not know how to maintain guns and protect his life.
After hearing what he said, the head of the regiment was bent on letting Mike stay, and he was too lazy to persuade Mike again. I'm tired of thinking that what Mike said is right, but he didn't consider the actual situation. He thinks Mike is putting on airs and doesn't want to argue with Mike. But actually Mike can understand Chinese. When the colonel pulled out a gun and pointed it at him, he asked Mike bored, and Mike finally spoke:
"I don't understand your classics. ...
But this sentence is right, I can't help you. ...
Yes, I can. I didn't say I couldn't speak Chinese. You didn't use your brain. What am I? The young gentleman always seems to think things are complicated. Before he becomes Hamlet, let me make it clear. What is my position? "
The colonel said excitedly, "Your job is to contact the official!"
"Liaison officer can only speak English? Ha ha ha ha ha. " Mike and the colonel both laughed.
"No, it's a liaison officer who can speak Chinese!"
"It's interesting, that's my colleagues thought that the air force alone can blow up the worse.
I was chased as a liaison officer with you in Reservoir Dogs in the last battle. I can't speak Chinese. Ha ha ha ha ha. That's interesting. The young man seems to want to get angry again. Why don't you say you know Chinese? You should clarify the difference between Don't Go and Mangy Dog, but I have the right to watch the whole scene and listen to what you don't want to tell me. "
The colonel was still very excited and said, "I have the right to give it to you. Of course I have the right, and you can understand. What can I do to help? "
"It's a good habit to leave things alone in advance. What do you think of the battle now? You don't even have a phone. What did your boss tell you? " Lao Mai kicked the stone angrily, and then said, "If he really asked you to fight that damn war, then his heart would really be eaten by a dog."
The head of the regiment asked, "Mai, why did you say this war deserved to die?" Where the hell is it? "
"Don't judge others, another good habit, good habit. Sir, did you take part in the Burma War last time?"
"Of course, it's not just participation." The colonel replied bored again.
"Too good, I was there. It was never courageous and never wasted. ...
I am a soldier, so are you and me. At least we have the courage and determination to decide our own destiny, right? But that war was decided by disputes and misunderstandings at the negotiating table. Eight heads clamored to listen to me, only allowed to listen to me. You, me and him, with only two legs, were dragged out of 16 directions by eight contradictory heads. It's terrible. ...
Colleagues say McLuhan complains and stays away from him, but I still have to say, damn it, I always think of those China soldiers who died beside me. Without them, I would have been skinned alive by Japanese ghosts. No one even said a good word to them. It's not fair. Old Mike is too young, I can only say it's unfair! It's not fair! It's not fair! (Master Mai was already sobbing when he said this. )
When I came here to see you, I saw them. I don't want to stay here and watch you do it again. I just want to tell you, stay away from your malnourished and ragged army. Don't have any illusions about this battle. You will win, but you will lose. Now, in a distant place, the leaders are still arguing. Listen to me, only I am right, and everyone else is wrong. What is the value of an attack without the ability to follow up?
Your teacher is crazy and charming, and the whole advisory group says he is a young Caesar. But my old Mai said that he loves war too much, and life is only the fuel of war for him. He should see a doctor. "
At this time, the bored colonel realized that Mai didn't want to stay because he didn't want to see these soldiers make unnecessary sacrifices as a bargaining chip for officers' promotion and power seizure, but the colonel still refused to give up.
I am also excited to say, "You can speak Chinese, yes, better than many people in China. I always suspected him, he, he, he translated blindly. Besides, I beg you, stay, stay. My teacher should see a doctor. How could he let you go? You are a talent, Mai, you are a talent. "
"Don't kiss up, you are looking forward to this war, when I talk nonsense?"
"You are a good man, an honest man, and we are all honest men, but my regiment must at least have the ability to save people, at least, Mai?"
"You are dishonest, don't cheat your peers. Even if he is a Yankee, your eyes are belligerent, just like your teacher's, attacking eyes, but you are different from him. Are your soldiers important to you? They are very important to you. I watched your subordinates argue with you. You are the officer who loves soldiers the most, because you have nothing. "
"I am not their official, I am not, they respect me, we are brothers, do you understand the relationship between brothers, brother!"
"You and your brothers like to be someone else's chips on the table? When you die, you will be forgotten by them. Like I never lived, shot, panting, last bite. I regret it. I don't know why, you swear. "
The colonel stared blankly and knelt in front of the shabby wheat jeep. Her face was not excited, but full of tears, holding her right hand and saying:
"I can't make this oath, this oath I can't send out. ...
Nobody wants to be someone else's chip, nobody wants to be, but someone has to sacrifice. ...
We are ashamed to say that we are soldiers, we are ashamed to admit it, I am ashamed to admit that I am a soldier ... (The colonel slaps his face wildly. )
We just want to struggle out a human form, human form, understand? My teacher is not a war maniac, he is just in a hurry! Too much anxiety! ..... (slamming his helmet with his hand. )
It's better than those heartless people who lead a drunken life. ...
Nothing is spotless. We are all inhaling dust, but this does not prevent us from doing better. ...
No one can stand criticism from others, and your country didn't come to help us for purity and justice, did it? But you two came here, you two ... "
"Are you Arthur? Mcluhan and you Alger? Collins, come and help us, really help us, that's enough, this is a brother, this is a brother, understand, China's brother!
We actually want an answer, but the answer should not be death. I beg you, please go back and teach them how to live. There is no answer worth paying for, please ... "
Old Mai said that the colonel has two good habits, one is not to take care of things in advance, and the other is not to judge others. The colonel didn't care at all that Mai concealed that he could speak Chinese. When Mai said that the teacher's conscience was eaten by the dog, the head of the team didn't express any views, just asked why the fight was dead.
The colonel, like the teachers, wants to fight the Nujiang River and recover the worse, because this is what he thinks a soldier should think and do. In the face of this matter, it doesn't matter whether people who know Chinese pretend not to know Chinese or those hearts are really eaten by dogs. I think this is not only a good habit, but also a waste of energy. If you like to judge others, you will definitely be afraid of being judged by others. These odds and ends and other people's comments will become excuses for doing bad things, and it is always yourself rather than others who hinder the pace of doing things.
But the head of the team is different from the teacher. He not only knows that he is a soldier, but also knows that he is an officer. He should be responsible for the mission of the soldiers and give his life for his soldiers.
The reason why the colonel wanted to keep Mai was because he knew Mai could teach these soldiers a lot. Let these soldiers not lose their lives because the bullets are stuck, they don't know when to get down, and they don't know how to find shelter when they are in close combat with the enemy. Veterans are not well trained and no one comes to train. All their fighting skills were learned from the battlefield. When a recruit goes to war, he is cannon fodder when he is dead, and he must learn when he is alive. However, the arrival of Lao Mai made the colonel see hope.
After Lao Mai was dissuaded by the colonel, the colonel responded with annoyance: "I really want to give my life to you. This is a worry-free thing, as long as you don't treat him like cow dung on the side of the road. " Yes, those soldiers were despised when they were alive, and no one went when they died. What a pity. Anyway, in Shang Feng's view, they are just people who died for their country and died a fair death. If they run away, they become scum and deserters. If they don't run away, they will end up with numbers and cannon fodder on the battlefield.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, when we confronted the Japanese for the first time, Qi Jiguang ran to his leader Hu Zongxian and asked him, "Why don't you train?"
Hu Zongxian said helplessly, "If the soldiers here could practice, I would have practiced long ago." Hu Zongxian is telling the truth. At that time, soldiers in Jiangsu and Zhejiang saw the Japanese army running wildly on the battlefield. When they saw the Japanese run away, they took two symbolic steps. If they can't fight, they certainly won't fight. Are they so afraid of death? I don't think so. That's because they really can't beat them. It doesn't matter if you lose a battle. The second time, the third time, acceptable, the fourth time, the fifth time, and then you do the work. But you can't always lose the battle. We must know that the result of every failure is the lives of countless soldiers, and every failure is killing the courage of the surviving soldiers.
Later, Qi Jiguang went to Yiwu to recruit and set up the Qigujun. Qi Jiajun is very powerful, and maintains an amazing casualty ratio in the battle with the enemy. Qi Jiguang never lost when he was alive. Why? Because the strategy is right, the equipment is good and the military discipline is strict. Take the simplest one. If Qi Jiguang lets Yiwu miners fight Japanese ronin soldiers, the result will be filled with their lives. When Qi Jiajun fought against the enemy, there were no more than 5000 people at most. How many lives are there to fill?
Some words may be politically incorrect. Is the national justice a feeling or something else? At that time, only educated people would have it. People without education owe nothing to others. They are willing to give up their lives, and they should be respected and remembered for their ideals that they can't touch or even see.
In the first half of the story, when the colonel ran back to Changda from the worse gate with his few remaining brothers, the big squire of Changda offered him a bowl of wine. He poured half a glass of wine and said a few words: "Respect the heroes who died in battle, respect the creatures who burn charcoal, respect the middle way and respect the conscience of the world".
He did it.
At any time, at any time, really at any time, he has not lost his conscience.
We live in an era where we want to be moved by a few words, and people are more willing to accept those simple and unthinking information. Everyone likes to be a reader of Historical Records. When reading Biography of Liu Bang, Liu Bang was regarded as a great man, and when reading Biography of Xiang Yu, Liu Bang was regarded as a shameless villain. Interesting, isn't it? Happy situations are complicated, and people's thoughts are also complicated. How can the world where people are intertwined be simple?
Are those things that seem so natural really easy to do?
For conscience.