Basic Introduction Chinese Name: PLS Meaning: Logistics and Supply Chain Management Qualification Type: Professional Accreditation Basis: Understanding Logistics and Supply Chain Management Abbreviations, PLS Applications, PLS LCD Panels, LCD Panel Types, Other Abbreviations, Abbreviations PLS Computer Field 1. When the output priority of high-speed pulse is PTO/PWM output, the CPU hands over the control of output terminals Q0.0 and Q0. 1 to the PTO/PWM generator. The state of output mirror register Q will affect the initial level of PTO/PWM waveform. Before high-speed pulse output, the states of Q0.0 and Q0. 1 should be cleared. When high-speed pulse output is suitable for high-frequency pulse signal, transistor output PLC should be selected. 2. High-speed pulse output instruction and special register 1) High-speed pulse output instruction function: When en has a rising edge, PLS is activated to control PLC to output high-speed pulses from Q0.0 or Q0. 1. PLF, PLS instruction V instruction function PLS (Pulse): rising edge differential output instruction PLF: falling edge differential output instruction V instruction indicates that the instruction can only be used for one scanning period of the rising edge of the programming element Y and M PLS, and the scanning period of the falling edge (ON → OFF) of the PLF opening signal. What are the advantages of PLS using PLS LCD panel PLS panel? The full name of PLS panel is plane-to-line switching, and its driving mode is that all electrodes are located in the same plane, and liquid crystal molecules are driven by vertical and horizontal electric fields. From the following figure, we can see the difference between PLS panel and VA panel (including MVA and Samsung's own PVA) and IPS panel in driving mode. As can be seen from the above figure, the driving modes of the three wide-angle panels are all vertically arranged, and the vertical electric field is pressurized; IPS panel is in the form of * * * plane conversion, which is pressurized by transverse electric field; PLS panel is a combination of the former two, which drives liquid crystal molecules through vertical and horizontal electric fields. We have already introduced the visual angle comparison of TN panel, VA panel and PLS panel. Although both S-PVA panel and IPS panel are high-end wide-angle panels, IPS panel is indeed superior to PVA panel in visual angle (relatively speaking, the actual visual angle of both panels is much larger than TN panel). However, Samsung introduced PLS panel, which further enhanced the viewing angle. When viewing the screen from the side, both the brightness loss and the gamma distortion index (GDI) have made remarkable progress. The above picture shows the actual brightness loss of PLS panel when TN and VA levels watch the screen from different angles. It can be seen that the brightness loss of PLS panel is less than that of VA panel. Comparison of GDI values of various types of liquid crystal panels GDI in the above figure refers to the "gamma distortion index", which physically means that the gamma values of the front and side face show differences with the change of off-axis color difference index. From the gray coordinate axis, we can observe the difference of gray changes between the front and side. The greater the index, the more serious the side distortion. The calculation method is to test the gamma value of the display screen with an instrument (brightness colorimeter, etc.). ) When the front side and the side side are 60 respectively, use the formula of "1- (side gamma/front gamma)" to calculate the result. The above figure indicates the meanings of various GDI values. It can be seen that PLS panel is at the same level as E-IPS panel, which is superior to VA panel. The pixel structures of economical IPS(E-IPS) panel and PLS panel are compared with the pixel results of economical IPS panel and economical PLS panel. It can be seen that the two are very close in the shape and arrangement of sub-pixels, but slightly different in the driving mode. The reason why PLS panel is compared with economical IPS panel is because the positioning of PLS completely coincides with the former and its cost is lower than that of high-end IPS panel, so it is more practical to compare the two panels. In the following, we will understand the actual differences between the two panels through color testing. PLS panel vs. E-IPS Next, we will test to see the difference between PLS panel and E-IPS panel in color, contrast and brightness. These three indicators are more related to LCD panels, and IC chips and other components have relatively limited influence on them, so they are more. However, since NTSC color gamut values are more related to panel backlight, while color reproduction accuracy, brightness uniformity and power consumption values are related to specific display products, the comparison results have little correlation with PLS and E-IPS, so these indicators are not compared here. As for the selected display products, the representative of PLS is naturally its debut Samsung S27A850D, and the representative of E-IPS is LG IPS226V. Both models use white LED backlight. Because the original test method of taking pictures with a camera was very unprofessional and inaccurate, we gave up this method and used Spyder Elite 3 color calibrator to test its color performance characteristics. Before the test, we let Samsung S27A850D and LG IPS226V work normally for more than an hour, and turned off the dynamic contrast function and all color enhancement technologies. The ambient color temperature and illumination of this test must meet the requirements of ISO3664 standard, not just the hint of all black. In this test, the color temperature of the light source in our test environment is 5500K, and the illumination is 50Lux, which completely meets the standard. Testing instrument: Spyder Elite 3 color calibrator produced by Datacolor Company. The next thing we need to do is to use Spyder Elite 3 color calibrator to make the original I file of this model, and analyze the color characteristics of Samsung S27A850D and LG IPS226V. In the figure below, the white closed curve represents the LG IPS226V color space, and the red closed curve represents the Samsung S27A850D color space. The comparison of color characteristics between PLS panel and E-IPS panel has passed the previous single product test, and we have seen that both of them can completely cover the sRGB color space, which is not emphasized here. It can be seen that although PLS and E-IPS have many * * *, there are still some differences in actual colors: PLS panel can display richer red, orange and pink, that is, it can render richer warm colors. The other two are basically the same in blue, but there are some small differences in the rendering style of green. On the whole, PLS panel is superior to E-IPS panel in color coverage and mainly superior to IPS panel in red and pink saturation. Contrast and brightness contrast between PLS and E-IPS In contrast and brightness, PLS panel has a little advantage over E-IPS panel with a high brightness of 300cd/m, but this advantage is not great, and they are much worse than VA panel (the original contrast of VA panel can reach more than 3000: 1, which is not dynamic). As for the NTSC color gamut that everyone is concerned about, because both of them are backlit by white LED, the color gamut value is mainly determined by the backlight, so the actual color gamut of the two is very close, and the color gamut value has little to do with the panel type PLS or LED, so I won't make a comparison here. On the whole, the contrast between PLS and E-IPS panels is basically similar, but the E-PLS panel can provide higher brightness because of its better light transmittance. In terms of color, PLS provides a more saturated red color than IPS panel, so the overall performance of E-PLS panel is slightly better. Liquid crystal panel type TN panel: TN is called twisted nematic panel, and its low production cost makes TN the most widely used entry-level liquid crystal panel, which is widely used in mainstream low-end liquid crystal displays in the market. Most of the TN panels we see are improved TN+ films, that is, compensation films, to make up for the lack of viewing angle of TN panels. The viewing angle of the improved TN panel has reached 160, which is of course the limit value measured by the manufacturer when the contrast ratio is 10: 1. In fact, the contrast drops to 100: 65440. As a 6Bit panel, TN panel can only display 64 colors of red/green/blue, and the maximum actual color is only 262 144. Through the "dithering" technology, you can get more than16 million colors, and only three primary colors of 0 to 252 gray levels can be displayed, so the final color display number information is16.7mm. In addition, the contrast of TN panel is difficult to improve, and the problems directly exposed are thin colors, poor restoration ability and unnatural transition. The advantages of TN panel are less gray output, fast deflection speed of liquid crystal molecules and easy improvement of reverberation time. TN panel is basically used for LCD products below 8ms on the market. In addition, Samsung also developed the B-TN(Best-TN) panel, which is actually an improved version of the TN panel, mainly to balance the contradiction that the high-speed echo of the TN panel must sacrifice the image quality. At the same time, the contrast can reach 700∶ 1, which is close to MVA or early PVA panels. Many panel manufacturers in Taiwan Province Province produce TN panels. TN panel is a soft screen, and a similar waterline will appear when you lightly stroke it by hand. In addition, look at the screen carefully, something like this. VA panel VA panel is a panel type widely used in high-end LCD, which belongs to wide viewing angle panel. Compared with TN panel, 8-8bit panel can provide 16.7M color and large viewing angle, which is the high-end capital of this kind of panel, but the price is also more expensive than TN panel. VA panel can be divided into MVA panel led by Fujitsu and PVA panel developed by Samsung, and the latter is the inheritance and improvement of the former. The front contrast of VA panel is the highest, but the uniformity of the screen is not good enough, and color shift often occurs. Sharp words are its killer, and the contrast between black and white is quite high. Fujitsu MVA technology (multi-domain vertical alignment technology) can be said to be the earliest wide-angle LCD panel technology. This panel can provide a larger viewing angle, which can usually reach 170. Through technical authorization, panel companies such as Chimei Electronics (Chi Jing Optoelectronics) and AUO Optoelectronics in Taiwan Province Province of China adopted this panel technology. The viewing angle of the improved P-MVA panel can reach 65438+078, which is nearly horizontal, and the gray-scale reverberation time can reach less than 8 ms.. Samsung Electronics' PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) technology also belongs to the category of VA technology and is the successor and developer of MVA technology. Its comprehensive quality has completely surpassed the latter, and the improved S-PVA can keep pace with P-MVA, obtaining extremely wide viewing angle and faster reverberation time. In PVA, transparent ITO electrode is used to replace the protrusion of liquid crystal layer in MVA. Transparent electrodes can obtain better aperture ratio and minimize the waste of backlight. This mode greatly reduces the possibility of "bright spots" on the LCD panel, and its position in the LCD TV era is equivalent to the "dragon tube" in the CRT TV era. The PVA mode wide viewing angle technology promoted by Samsung is widely adopted by Japanese and American manufacturers because of its strong production capacity and stable quality control system. PVA technology is widely used in high-end LCD or LCD TV. The VA panel is also a soft screen, and a similar waterline will appear with a slight stroke by hand. Looking at the screen carefully, it is roughly like this: IPS panel IPS (in-plane switching) technology is a LCD panel technology introduced by Hitachi at 200 1, commonly known as "super TFT". The IPS camp headed by Hitachi has gathered a number of manufacturers such as LG- Philips, Hanyu Caijing, IDTech (a joint venture between Chi Mei Electronics and IBM in Japan), but there are not many models that can be seen in the market. The biggest feature of IPS panel is that its two poles are on the same plane, unlike other liquid crystal mode electrodes which are arranged vertically. Because the electrodes are on the same plane, liquid crystal molecules are parallel to the screen in any state, which will reduce the aperture ratio and light transmittance, so IPS application to LCD TV will require more backlight. In addition, there is an improved IPS panel with S-IPS panel, which has the advantages of high viewing angle, fast echo speed, accurate color reproduction and low price. However, the disadvantage is that the light leakage problem is serious, and the purity of black is not enough, which is slightly worse than PVA. It is necessary to rely on the compensation of optical film to achieve better black. IPS panels are mainly produced by LG- Philips. Compared with other types of panels, the screen of IPS panel is more "hard", and it is not easy to be deformed by water lines when swiping by hand, so it is also called hard screen. When you look at the screen carefully, if you see a fish-scale pixel to the left, plus a hard screen, then you can be sure that it is an IPS panel. CPA panel CPA (continuous needle wheel arrangement) mode wide viewing angle technology (soft screen), CPA mode wide viewing angle technology is strictly a member of VA camp, and each liquid crystal molecule is arranged to the central electrode in the form of radiation fireworks. Because the electric field on the pixel electrode changes continuously, this wide viewing angle mode is called "continuous fireworks arrangement" mode. CPA is mainly promoted by Sharp, the "father of LCD". It should be noted here that ASV promoted by Sharp does not actually refer to a specific wide-angle technology. Refers to the products that adopt TN+ film, VA and CPA wide-angle technology as ASV. In fact, only CPA mode is Sharp's own wide-angle technology, and the products are basically the same as MVA and PVA. That is to say, Sharp's brand LCD TV does not necessarily adopt Sharp's own CPA mode LCD panel, but may adopt VA mode panel of Taiwan Province Province or LCD panels of other manufacturers. Sharp's CPA panel has the advantages of true color reproduction, excellent viewing angle, delicate image and relatively expensive price, and Sharp rarely sells CPA panels to other manufacturers. The CPA panel is also a soft screen, and a similar waterline will appear with a slight stroke by hand. If you look at the screen carefully, it is roughly like this: In addition, some other manufacturers also have their own LCD panel technologies, such as NEC's ExtraView technology, Panasonic's OCB technology, and modern FFS technology. These technologies are all improvements on the old TFT panel, providing viewing angle and reverberation time, which are usually only used on self-owned brand LCD monitors or LCD TVs. In fact, these panels are all TFT panels, but now all kinds of panels have their own technologies and names, so the name TFT is not commonly used. OLED Panel 1947 Deng Qingyun, a Hong Kong-born Chinese-American professor, discovered organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in the laboratory and began to study them. 1987, Professor Deng Qingyun and Vanslyke used ultra-thin membrane technology, with transparent conductive film as anode, AlQ3 as luminescent layer, triarylamine as hole transport layer and Mg/Ag alloy as cathode, to make double-layer organic electroluminescence. 1990, Burroughes et al. discovered the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with * * * yoke polymer PPV as the light-emitting layer. Since then, the research on OLED has set off a worldwide upsurge. Professor Deng is therefore called the "father". Organic light emitting diode display technology is different from the traditional liquid crystal display mode. It does not need backlight, and it has the characteristics of self-luminescence. It uses a very thin coating of organic materials and a glass substrate, and these organic materials will emit light when current passes through. In addition, the organic light-emitting diode display screen can be made lighter and thinner, with a larger viewing angle, and can significantly save electricity. Among the two technical systems of organic light-emitting diodes, the technology of low-molecular-weight organic light-emitting diodes is mastered by Japan, and the so-called OEL of polymer PLED and LG mobile phones is this system, and the technology and patents are mastered by British technology company CDT. Compared with PLED products, there are still difficulties in coloring. Low molecular OLEDs are easier to be colored. Not long ago, Samsung released 65,530 color OLEDs for mobile phones. However, although the OLED with better technology will replace LCD such as TFT in the future, the OLED display technology still has some shortcomings, such as short life and difficult to enlarge the screen. Organic light-emitting diodes are mainly used by Samsung, such as the newly listed SCH-X339, which uses 256-color organic light-emitting diodes, and the next-generation handheld PSV released by Sony. As for OEL, LG is mainly used in its CU8 180 8280, which we have all seen. In order to explain the structure of organic light-emitting diodes, each organic light-emitting diode unit can be compared to a hamburger, and the luminescent material is a vegetable sandwiched in the middle. The display unit of each organic light emitting diode can generate three different colors of light under control. Like LCD, organic light emitting diodes can also be divided into active and passive types. In passive mode, cells selected by row and column addresses are lit. In active mode, there is a thin film transistor (TFT) behind the organic light-emitting diode unit, and the light-emitting unit is driven by the TFT to emit light. Active organic light-emitting diodes should save electricity and have better display performance than passive organic light-emitting diodes. AMOLED (Active Matrix/Organic Light Emitting Diode) is an active matrix organic light emitting diode panel. Compared with the traditional LCD panel, AMOLED has the characteristics of faster reaction speed, higher contrast and wider viewing angle. Introduction to PMOLED PMOLED is a passive organic electroluminescent matrix. If you compare organic light emitting diodes to liquid crystal displays. PMOLED is like STN LCD；; And active organic light emitting diodes (active matrix organic light emitting diodes; ; AMOLED) is just like TFT LCD. The former is not suitable for displaying dynamic images, and its response speed is slow, so it is difficult to develop large and medium-sized panels, but it is more energy-saving; The latter has faster response speed, can be applied to various sizes, and can meet the needs of TV panels to the greatest extent, but it is relatively passive and consumes more power. The passive mode has a simple structure, and the driving visual current determines the gray level, resolution and image quality. Monochrome and multicolor products are mostly used for small-size products. The manufacturing cost and technical threshold of passive organic light-emitting diodes are low, but due to the limitation of driving mode, the resolution cannot be improved, so the size of the products used is limited to about 5 ",and the products will be limited to the market with low resolution and small size. If it is applied to a larger size, the power consumption and service life of PMOLED will be reduced, and it is rarely applied to the main screen. Other abbreviations PLS: please PLS: public library of science PLS: plus, and PLS:Plane-to-Line Switching, a new LCD panel technology introduced by Samsung, Pls: position location system pls: physics and life sciences physics and life sciences disorder tracker 2 sampling file; MPEG playlist file (used by WinAmp) pls-partial least squares method