What are the production technology, main raw materials, factory cost and main uses of palm oil?

Palm oil production and refining process \x0d\ x0d \ 1. Palm orchard area \ x0d \ can plant 138 palm trees per hectare, and the annual output of palm fruit is about 25 tons/hectare. Orchard investment is mainly land use, with Malaysia generally investing RM 20,000 per hectare and East Malaysia investing RM 5,000/6,000 per hectare. Pickers can pick 60/70 bunches of palm fruit every day with a salary of RM 0.3 per bunch (West Malaysia Indonesia 1/8). Brown seedlings were cultivated in the nursery, transplanted into the soil 1 year after germination, and harvested after 2.5-3 years. The fruiting period is 20-30 years, and the fruit clusters per tree 10- 12 weigh 20-30 kg/cluster, and each tree can be picked twice a year. At present, the market price of palm fruit is 140- 150 RM/ton, and the oil content is 28%-30%. \x0d\ II。 \x0d\ (1) fruit clusters in the primary press workshop will be sent to the primary press workshop within 24 hours after picking (to prevent the rise of free fatty acids). (2) Cooking: sterilizing at 150℃ for 2 hours, and cooking the fruit skewers. (3) Peeling the fruit, hanging it to a mechanical peeler, separating the fruit skewers, burning the fruit skewers as fertilizer, and sending the fruit to a storage bin (4) for squeezing: a screw press. The pressed cake is extruded from the head, containing stone (unbroken, containing palm kernel oil), and the liquid part flows out from the lower mouth, filtered and sent to a butterfly centrifugal separator to obtain crude palm oil. (5) squeezing palm kernel oil, and sending the squeezed cake obtained in step (4) to a screen separation port. A) processing crushed and dried fruit fibers into fiberboard and paper; B) sending the core to a pulverizer, pulverizing the core shell to separate the core, and using the core shell as fuel; C) passing the palm kernel particles through a press, a filter and a butterfly separator to obtain crude palm kernel oil. \x0d\ The oil yield is calculated according to the fresh fruit string of oil palm, with 20% crude palm oil and 2% crude palm kernel oil. Crude palm oil is orange-red and semi-liquid oil. Surface density (50℃)0.8896-0.89 10, saponification value: (mgkoH/g oil) 190-202, iodine value (gz2/ 100g oil) 501-540. Fatty acid distribution (%): c 12o: 0. 1-0.4, c14o:1.0-1.4, c16o4: 0.9. c 18 1:36.4-4 1.2，c 182:0.2- 1 1.6，C 1830-0.5，C20O:0-0.8。 \x0d\ Crude palm oil pressing has higher environmental requirements in Malaysia (especially in West Malaysia). For example, in 1975, a local crushing plant was built, with an initial investment of150,000 ringgit and an investment of 40 million ringgit in the later 20 years, covering an area of about 40 hectares. According to the introduction, at present, to invest in a factory of the same scale (9-65,438+0,000 tons of palm fruit daily output) needs to invest 7-8 million US dollars, and also needs to invest in some environmental protection facilities. There are 85 factory workers (each person earns RM 20-30 per day). At present, the cost of crude palm oil is RM 600/ton, and the processing cost is about RM 25/ton of fruit oil. \x0d\ III。 Separation and refining of crude palm oil \x0d\ two methods: \x0d\ ① separating and refining to obtain palm oil with different melting points (less used); \x0d\ ② Crude palm oil is sent to an oil refinery for refining (widely used in Malaysia). \x0d\ IV。 Oil refining \x0d\ A local oil refinery is located near Johor Bahru, only 3km away from the world's largest oil storage tank and port FJB. The daily oil refining cost is 2000MT, and the investment is150,000 USD, which is slightly different from the domestic oil refining process: ① Physical method (low loss) is adopted instead of chemical method (high loss), that is, physical method is adopted to reduce acid. The process is: \x0d\ (1) decolorization: A adding 90℃ phosphoric acid →b adding special bentonite; \x0d\ (2) deacidification (deacidification) adopts physical methods; \x0d\ (3) Deodorization; \x0d\ (4) Continue decoloring to obtain refined oil (melting point: 33℃-39℃), commonly known as refined palm oil at 33℃; \ x0d \ (5) A. After the refined oil is fractionated and cooled in a fractionating tank, the upper layer is 24℃ liquid 24℃ oleic acid ester (that is, 24℃ refined oil) and the bottom layer is 44℃ solid refined oil, with the output ratio of 24℃: 75% and 44℃: 25 (the highest cost); Pressurized filtration: the equipment is constant temperature plate and frame filter press. If oil at 24℃ is generated, the room temperature is set at 24℃ and the pressure is 6- 10 atmospheric pressure, so that the liquid oil is divided and the solid oil is discharged from the plate frame. \x0d\ Total refining loss 1.5- 1.8%, and refining cost is about USD 30/ton (crude oil). \x0d\ FJB has 15 refinery, in which 1 1 is within 5km and connected by oil pipes (it is cleaned with bullets during transportation, with low loss and transportation cost). \x0d\ V. FJB\x0d\ At present, the largest oil storage (edible) tank group in the world has 2 1 1 oil tanks, with a capacity of 242,650MT, an annual turnover of 3.5-4 million tons and 4 berths (8-1). Simple process cost \x0d\ palm fruit (100t) \x0d\ initial pressing cost RM 25 \x0d\ crude palm oil \x0d\ refining cost USD 30+ loss \x0d\ refined palm oil (33℃-39℃).