The owner of a company is the shareholder of the company, that is, the investor of the company. After the establishment of the company, the ownership structure of the company refers to the proportional relationship between the shares held by shareholders.
Ownership determines the right of management, income and disposal. Therefore, the major issues of the company need to be resolved by the shareholders' meeting and passed according to the principle of votes. In order to protect the interests of small and medium-sized investors, the company law stipulates that a limited company that modifies its articles of association and continues to develop cannot pass without the consent of shareholders with more than 1/3 votes; Share reform of listed companies, if shareholders with more than 1/3 votes disagree, the share reform plan cannot be passed.
Extended data:
Ownership structure (ownership structure) has different classifications. Generally speaking, the ownership structure has two meanings:
The first meaning refers to the concentration of equity.
Namely, the shareholding ratio of the top five shareholders. In this sense, there are three types of ownership structure:
1, and the equity is highly concentrated.
Absolute controlling shareholders generally own more than 50% of the company's shares and have absolute control over the company;
2. The equity is highly dispersed.
There is no major shareholder in the company, the ownership and management rights are basically completely separated, and the shareholding ratio of a single shareholder is below 10%;
3. The company has relatively large controlling shareholders and other major shareholders, and the shareholding ratio is between 10%-50%.
The second meaning is equity composition.
That is, the number of shares held by shareholder groups with different backgrounds. In China, it refers to the shareholding ratio of state shareholders, corporate shareholders and public shareholders. Theoretically, the ownership structure can be classified according to the distribution and matching methods of residual control rights and residual income claims of enterprises. From this perspective, the ownership structure can be divided into non-competitive control and competitive control.
In the case of competitive control rights, residual control rights and residual claims match each other, and shareholders can and are willing to effectively control the board of directors and managers; In the non-competitive shareholding structure, the controlling position of the controlling shareholder of the enterprise is locked, and the supervisory role of the board of directors and managers will be weakened.
References:
Ownership Structure-Baidu Encyclopedia