1.( 1) A holding company refers to a company that controls a company by holding a certain number of shares. (2) Holding companies are divided into pure holding companies and mixed holding companies according to holding methods. Pure holding companies do not directly engage in production and operation business, but only carry out capital operation by holding shares of other companies. Hybrid holding companies not only carry out capital operation through holding, but also engage in some production and operation businesses.
2.( 1) Group Company: In the process of product research and development, manufacturing and even sales, due to the large production scale, large number of people, wide range and complex product technology, in order to facilitate management, according to the characteristics of the product formation process, it is divided into several different departments, and most of these departments may not have legal personality, belonging to an enterprise and administratively under the jurisdiction of an enterprise. This enterprise is a group company, and its structure is not much different from that of ordinary companies. The difference from ordinary companies mainly lies in the number of people. (2) Some enterprise consortia are also called group companies, and group members form alliances for business needs, which can increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Members are legal persons, accounting independently. The CEO of a group company is also the leader of a large enterprise among its members, and has no decision-making power over other enterprises.
Legal basis: Article 15 of the Company Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) may invest in other enterprises; However, unless otherwise provided by law, investors shall not be jointly and severally liable for the debts of the invested enterprises.