Shaanxi tea culture ranks first in the history of development. Cubans living in the south of Shaanxi are the earliest people who planted and used tea in China.
Summarized the historical position of Bashu tea culture in China tea culture. After Ba Shuxian? It has also been recognized by the academic community. Not later than the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ba people in southern Shaanxi began to cultivate tea artificially in the garden. Therefore, it is an indisputable fact that the history of Pakistani tea can be traced back to 3000 years ago.
Second, during the Han and Tang Dynasties, Shaanxi was ahead of the trend of drinking tea because of the historical opportunity of large-scale immigration.
Gu, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, concluded? After Qin people took Shu, they only drank tea. . In 3 16 BC, that is, the ninth year of Yuan Geng, king of Qin Hui, the Qin people captured Shu for the first time. Sima Cuo cut down and destroyed Shu? After the demise of Shu, 10000 families moved to Shu. In 3 16 BC, Shu people began to plant and drink tea, and taught this skill to Qin people who moved to Shu.
Thirdly, Shaanxi tea industry has a long history, which has written a brilliant page in the history of China tea industry.
Only Shaanxi produces tea in the five northwestern provinces, and the main producing areas of Shaanxi tea are in Hanzhong and other places in southern Shaanxi. Tea was not only an important source of food and clothing for farmers in southern Shaanxi during the Tang and Song Dynasties, but also used by the court to open up financial resources and expand armaments. In the Ming Dynasty, Hanzhong was the distribution center and trade center of tea and Shu tea in southern Shaanxi. The output of tea in Hanzhong reached 5 million Jin (1557), which was 2,500 tons.
Fourth, Shaanxi was a feudal dynasty? Tea-horse deal? The implementation places and important markets of national policies
As early as the end of Tang Zhenyuan, the imperial court urgently needed a large number of horses to equip cavalry and transport grain, while the northwest ethnic minorities urgently needed a large number of tea. In view of the complementary needs of both sides, the court set up a border trade market in time to exchange tea for horses with the northwest ethnic minorities, which opened a precedent for tea and horses to exchange markets.
Fifth, the court tea culture in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty radiated the whole country, and established the status of tea as a national drink.
After the middle Tang Dynasty, tea ceremony became popular in the world. Generally speaking, the center of imperial power in China has been the center of all social phenomena for thousands of years. The emperor has always controlled the imperial court, and Kyoto leads the whole country. As the capital of the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an, Shaanxi Province, became the birthplace and focus of all cultural phenomena, and radiated the whole country, and tea culture was no exception.
Sixth, the discovery of the palace tea set in Famen Temple in Tang Dynasty was an epoch-making event in the history of Chinese tea.
The cultural point of the tea set in the underground palace is the integration of the three religions, which clearly reflects the mutual exchange between Buddhist tea culture and court tea culture. It marks the historical source and the highest level of the profound tea culture in the Tang Dynasty, fills the gap in the study of tea culture history and opens up new ideas for the study of tea culture in the Tang Dynasty.
Seventh, the tribute tea system, which appeared because of Chang 'an court tea culture, had a far-reaching impact on the development of tea industry in China.
In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany, Shannan Tea was selected as a tribute, which virtually cultivated it. Boutique consciousness? Stimulated the enthusiasm of tea farmers to cultivate famous products. In terms of science and technology, the continuous improvement of tea planting technology, tea making technology, tea storage technical school, tea set manufacturing technology and product packaging in the Tang Dynasty are all related to the tribute tea system.
Eighth, China tea culture spread at home and abroad. Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the most important center.
In the Tang Dynasty, tea was exported in large quantities, and it was exported to Central Asia, Southeast Europe, North Africa and other places along the Silk Road, accounting for a considerable proportion, and it was one of the main commodities of foreign trade. From the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, Shaanxi tea occupied a large share in the northwest market, and it is still sold to Iran, Turkey, Arabia, Iraq in West Asia, Egypt, Tripoli, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and other countries in North Africa along the Silk Road.
I once set foot on the Silk Road, led the new trend of drinking tea, paid tribute to the imperial court, changed horses for the imperial court, and firmly occupied the northwest market. It used to be the earliest tea area and tea planting center in China, and it was also the peak and spreading center of tea culture in China. The historical position of Shaanxi tea industry and tea culture has an irreplaceable role and a decisive historical position in the history of Chinese tea.
The Origin of Shaanxi Tea Culture In the past, most scholars wrote a book on the origin of tea drinking in China from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered 72 poisons every day, which must be solved by tea. It is recorded that Shennong is associated with tea. However, according to the research of scholars such as Chen Wenhua, there is nothing about Shennong in this edition of Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. Tea? Or? Tea? The record of drug rehabilitation, similar records did not appear until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, so previous studies were mostly based on misinformation. In addition, scholars used to cite proof? Shennong has tea? In Huainanzi and other books, Shennong was the only one who tasted a hundred herbs every day and suffered seventy poisons. At present, Shennong seems to be the first person who is clearly associated with the origin of tea drinking in China. Cha Sheng? Lu Yu of the Tang Dynasty. Lu Yu is in the tea classics? Six glasses of wine? Point out in:? Tea is for drinking. Is it Shennong's? , in? Seven things? Also quoted Shennong food classics? Tea has been served for a long time, and people are strong and happy? As evidence, clearly state that Shennong is? Tea is for drinking? The first person.
Shennong first saw Zhouyi, which was written in the Spring and Autumn Period? Under the copula? :? Not for Xi, not for Shennong. To teach the world, we should use wood as a tool and knead wood as a tool. ? The tribe known as Shennong originated from the ancient Qiang people and lived in the Jiang Shui Valley, a tributary of the Weihe River. The period of tribal activities should be Yangshao culture in the middle and late Neolithic period. About 5000 years ago? 7000 years. Press Zhuangzi? The record of "stealing feet", Shennong era? Lie down and live, get up and live. People know their mothers, but they don't know their fathers. This shows that we were in a matriarchal society at that time. Archaeology has proved that there are rich Yangshao cultural relics in Baoji area, and more than 700 cultural sites have been discovered. Among them, Beishouling culture is the most typical. Judging from the more than 5,000 cultural relics unearthed in Beishouling and the system of co-burial of men and women, the matriarchal society is in a relatively prosperous stage. In terms of time and region, Beishouling culture is probably created by Shennong tribe. The fish noodle patterns found by archaeologists in the local area can be mutually confirmed with the myths in Shan Hai Jing. The cultural form of Beishouling lasted for more than 1000 years, and the later Yan Di culture was developed on this basis. Are you online? Only his mother, not his father? In primitive times, Shennong, as a respected leader of the tribe, should be explained by women.
In addition, in China ancient books? Yandi Shennong? Record. The works before Qin Dynasty always separated Shennong from Shennong in Yan Di. The World Classic, written in 1 century BC, combined Shennong and Yan Di Shennong, but regarded Shennong and Yan Di as one person. Since then, ancient books have often called them both? Yandi Shennong? . However, after textual research, the author finds that Shennong and Yan Di Shennong are two earliest primitive cultures living in the Weihe River Basin in Shaanxi Province, which are both related and different.
"Mandarin? This fourth includes:? In the past, Shaodian married a nuisance and gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Di. Huangdi made it by pumping water, and Yandi made it by Jiang Shui. Their virtues are different. ? This is the earliest record about the place where Emperor Yan grew up. In addition, "water mirror note? Lishui, road history? The name of the country also records that Emperor Yan was longer than Baoji. The emperor's century includes:? Shennong's mother is Ren Si, with Joe's daughter and a famous daughter Deng. She is a young princess. When Shennong traveled in Huayang, he felt for the first time that a woman boarded Shang Yang and gave birth to Emperor Yan, a cow's head. She grew up in Jiang Shui. Why? . ? Huayang? And then what? Shang yang? They are referring to Huashan Mountain in Shaanxi today, that is, Changyang Mountain in Shennong Township, south of Baoji City, at the southern foot of Qinling Mountain. Mr. Guo Moruo pointed out: Legend has it that the earliest Yan emperor was called Shennong. It is said that Emperor Yan was born in Jiang Shui and Jiang Shui is now in Shaanxi Province. ? According to this speculation, the first Yan Di Shennong was born in Shaodian and promising homes about 4,700 years ago. When Yan Di Shennong Emperor was born, he belonged to the patriarchal society, that is, the Longshan culture period in the late Neolithic period. Because this Shennong and his heirs created brilliant farming culture, economic culture and outstanding achievements, they were honored as Yan Di by the clan and collectively called Yan Di Shennong.
In the ancient clan tribal times, after the death of tribal leaders, their tribal heirs all used the same name, so there were? Eight generations of Emperor Yan? Statement. According to tradition, Emperor Yan VIII lived from 240 to 300 years old. He Guangyue further judged that Baoji Jiang Shui was the birthplace of the earliest of the eight Yan Di, and was officially honored as Yan Di in the name of Shennong. Yan Di, who was born in other places, is undoubtedly his descendant. The hometown of the first generation Yi and the second generation Zhu is in Baoji, and the hometown of Zhu's descendants is in Hubei. Yu Wang, the last generation of Yan Di, fought Chiyou in Zhuolu and retreated to Hunan after Hanquan was defeated by the Yellow Emperor. Therefore, the author agrees with the research conclusions of scholars such as Zhang Huijie and Lu Di, and thinks that Yan Di and Shennong are in the same strain rather than one person. Yan Di's ancestor should be Shennong, which is a general term for the early leaders of Yan Di. The development of Shennong should be: Shennong (matriarchal society)? Shaodian (patriarchal society)? Yan Di family? Yandi Shennong.
Through the above comprehensive analysis, we can know that? Taste a hundred herbs? Tea? Some people should be Shennong in matriarchal society, not Shennong in Yan Di after Shaodian. From this perspective, Shaanxi has formed an indissoluble bond with China tea culture through Shennong, who lives in Baoji, Shaanxi.
For the origin of China tea culture, scholars used to focus on Bashu or Yunnan. Why do scholars ignore Shennong in Guanzhong area in Huainanzi and Shennong Herbal Classic? Tea? Most of the records are because they think that modern Guanzhong does not produce tea and does not have the climatic conditions for the growth of tea trees. But Shaanxi had the climatic and geographical conditions for the growth of tea trees in ancient times. First of all, it can be analyzed according to historical records. The foothills of Qinling Mountains, as a suitable area for tea, have a long history. From the Book of Songs? Who calls tea bitter? Is it so sweet? Picking tea and eating my farmer? Zhou Yuanyuan, did you go all out? And so on, are poems describing ancient Joo Won?. Many times in these poems? Tea? Words, many ancient books and ancient books clearly point out:? Tea? It is tea that is evergreen all the year round, not grass like bitter vegetables. What is the Book of Songs about ancient Joo Won?? Tea? This record should be the earliest record about tea. Secondly, it can be analyzed from the perspective of climate change. Archaeological findings show that there are skeletal remains of bamboo rats in Xi 'an Banpo site, which belongs to Yangshao culture, indicating that the climate in Guanzhong during Yangshao culture was warm and had the conditions for tea tree growth. At present, dozens of tea trees half a meter high have been found at the foot of Zhong Nanshan Mountain at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. Third, we can analyze the rich species in Qinling Mountains. Is Mr. Chen Zongmao's China Tea Classic being demonstrated? Dragon frame? For Shennong? Tea? When I was there, I thought. Shennongjia has 130 kinds of medicinal materials, including tea, which is consistent with the legend that Shennong tastes a hundred herbs and encounters 72 poisons every day. It is solved by tea? . However, the number of species in Shennongjia is obviously different from that in Qinling Mountains. 329 1 species of herbaceous plants have been found in Qinling Mountains, and there are 640 species in Taibai Mountain alone. Moreover, there are 29 1 families of angiosperms belonging to Camellia in China, and 188 families including Theaceae in Qinling, accounting for 64.6% of the whole country. Shaanxi is more qualified than Shennongjia to let Shennong create a precedent for human tea culture. So Shennong is in the Qinling area of Shaanxi Province? Taste a hundred herbs? Tea? Consistent with historical records is the most convincing conclusion. Second, Shaanxi tea culture in the Western Zhou Dynasty
According to Zhou Li, what was the court setting in the Western Zhou Dynasty? Palm tea? Official position, indicating that the Zhou royal family has listed tea as a national gift, representing the highest level at that time? Tea? . With the development of the times, drinking tea? Gradually, the royal etiquette changed, and the princes and doctors in Guanzhong area and even the homes of ordinary people all formed the eating habit of drinking tea.
In the Book of Songs, elegance? Mian ""Poetry? Hurricane? Gu Feng, a hurricane? July is a folk song that spread in ancient Joo Won? in the west of Guanzhong. "fangs? What's in the noodles? Zhou Yuanyuan, did you go all out? This poem. Among them,? Violette. It is a kind of tea cooked with mallow and tea. " Poetry? Hurricane? Is there a record in Gu Feng? Who says tea is bitter and as sweet as cucumber? Statement. Here? Tea? It refers to tea, not bitterness. Because only tea parties are bitter and sweet because of different production methods or the depth of tea soup, the taste of bitter vegetables will not be sweet. Moreover, the plants, climate, customs and rivers recorded in these two poems are all about Shaanxi. Like what? Is it cloudy? I have a goal? Pickled vegetables and dried vegetables? What is the north wind? (symptoms of disease) and so on. "Hurricane? July? Picking tea and eating my farmer? In other words, tea is also used as raw material and boiled into soup. It can be seen that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, Shaanxi people had already used tea as their daily necessities.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in addition to the tea produced in Shaanxi itself, Ba people who were closely related to Zhou people also paid tribute to Zhou Tianzi, enriching the connotation of Shaanxi tea culture.
? Ba? , is the name of an ancient nation. Chang Qu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote Huayang National Records? Ba Zhi "contains:? The prince of Wu was loyal to Yin, was named Ba by his ancestor Ji, and was respected by his son. Although the ancients were far away from home, they did not respect sons, so Wu, Chu and Ba were all called sons. ? Besides, in Shan Hai Jing? Hai Neijing, Zhu, Hanshu? Geography, road history? In the ancient records such as "Country Names and Biography", there is information that Cubans founded their country in Jianghan Valley. For the territory of Pakistan, Huayang National Governance is listed as? There are yufu in the east, burning roads in the west, Hanzhong in the north and Qianfu in the south. Its activities include the vast areas of eastern Sichuan, northern Sichuan, southern Shaanxi and western Hubei. According to the archaeological findings since the founding of New China, many Pakistani cultural relics such as Smith's hairpin, tiger head, bronze musical instrument, Bashijian, Ge and spear have been unearthed in Chenggu, Mianxian and Ankang in the upper reaches of Hanshui River. This shows that the Hanshui river basin in southern Shaanxi was one of the main active areas of Ba people in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
According to Huayang Guozhi? Ba Zhi said that the specialties produced in Pakistan, such as mulberry, silkworm, hemp, bamboo, fish, salt, copper, iron, Dan, lacquer, tea, honey, ghost, giant rhinoceros, pheasant and silver pheasant, are all needed? Neigong? With Zhou. What about the tribute from Pakistan to the Zhou Dynasty? Fruit treasure? , including? There are licks on the trees, pungent vines, fragrant headlands and fragrant teas in the garden, and oranges and sunflowers for guests. . This passage describes a historical fact: As a vassal state of Zhou Zong, Pakistan paid tribute to the imperial court for tea and other specialties. This record in Huayang Guozhi should be the earliest record of tribute tea in ancient China, which traces the history of tribute tea back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. What about that book? Is there any fragrant tea in the garden? Records show that tea tribute from Pakistan belongs to garden cultivation, not natural growth in the wild, indicating that Ba people have entered the era of artificial cultivation of tea at the latest in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Pakistani, as Zongji, is the earliest place in China to produce tribute tea and artificial tea. Through tribute, the content of Shaanxi tea culture has been further enriched and developed.