How do coins circulate between countries? For example, the United States sells things from China, China gives the United States RMB, and the American RMB is not waste paper. ...

If China gives RMB to the United States, the United States will not take it back. Generally speaking, the United States will ask China to pay US dollars and other "international currencies". There are more than a dozen international currencies, including US dollars, British pounds, euros and Japanese yen. At present, RMB is not an international currency. If RMB is paid under special circumstances, the United States will spend money in China, such as paying labor wages and buying goods. International circulation only accepts international currency.

To become an international hard currency, a currency must meet three conditions: 1. The comprehensive national strength of the issuing country should be large enough and strong enough; 2. The interior of the issuing country should be highly integrated and cohesive; 3. It is widely accepted and circulated internationally, and can become a trade settlement currency and a reserve currency. In addition, after it is accepted internationally, it is necessary to strictly abide by monetary discipline and not to print and distribute it indiscriminately. If these standards are used to measure major currencies, the yen will be "slightly literary" on the first condition; The euro is "slightly coquettish" on the second condition; As for the dollar, we have all three conditions, but we failed to cherish them. In recent years, we completely ignored monetary discipline, drank poison to quench our thirst, and printed US dollar bills indiscriminately, and finally began to face doubts, criticisms and challenges from all over the world. I have pointed out that this is exactly the scene of "Qin lost its deer and everyone in the world chased it".