State-owned enterprises in the United States-federal companies, the most important of which include AMTRAK[ (railway operation) operated by the federal government of the United States and Tennessee Valley Authority (power supply, fertilizer production, etc.). ], public broadcasting companies [media], the US Postal Service [Post], and various small and general state governments sometimes set up companies to implement certain public policies.
Because of the influence of Keynesianism, many state-owned enterprises have appeared in the United States. In recent years, if large enterprises go bankrupt because of the economic crisis, the government may buy them, resulting in an increase in the number of state-owned enterprises. The state-owned enterprises in the United States have little monopoly. They compete with private enterprises in various fields.
State-owned enterprises in the United States control industries that are extremely important to the country, such as aerospace and nuclear industry. In the exploration of state-owned enterprise system reform and enterprise legislation in China, the state-owned enterprise system and legislation in western countries have always been a problem that people want to refer to and learn from, but there is no direction. In fact, this is a special legal field that is quite complicated and not unified among countries, and it is difficult to summarize it simply. Based on the concern of China scholars, this paper briefly introduces the federal companies in the United States, so as to get a glimpse of the general system of western state-owned enterprises.
The famous National Railway Passenger Transport Company (American National Railway Passenger Transport Company), commercial credit companies, communication satellite companies, public broadcasting companies, overseas private investment companies and Tennessee Valley Authority are all federal companies that play an important role in various fields.
Some government documents (American budget appendix, Jistal Year 1986, P. V-2) and scholars also put forward a kind of "government sponsored enterprise", which is between private organizations and government agencies. Although it is privately owned and basically invested, it is federally chartered, accepts some form of federal supervision and management, and engages in commercial activities authorized by Congress, giving the impression that it is federally supported, but in fact, the Federation does not necessarily invest any money. Such government enterprises are called spiritually nationalized enterprises, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Student Loan Market Association.
To sum up, due to the dispersion of the creation process and the legal adjustment itself, the types of federal companies in the United States are very complicated, and it is difficult to make a systematic and strict division. Even many federal companies are classified as different types of companies by different legal documents or federal agencies. Comparatively speaking, among the above classifications, the classification made by the American National Association of Public Administration is more comprehensive and clear, which basically reflects the types and scope of federal companies.
In fact, in the existing federal companies, directors appointed by the president and served by federal officials constitute the majority of the boards of directors of most federal companies. Except for privately controlled companies, the role of private shareholders in selecting board members is very weak. This close relationship between the management organization and the federal government is a very distinctive feature of the legal status of American federal companies, which embodies the nature of administrative responsibility of federal companies.
Extended data:
First, the overall situation of state-owned enterprises in the United States
State-owned enterprises in the United States are called federal companies, which are responsible to the US Congress and local councils at all levels. They are relatively small, accounting for only 5% of the national GDP of the United States. State-owned enterprises in the United States are mainly concentrated in industries that are unprofitable or have large investments and slow returns, such as parks, museums, postal systems, aerospace, tap water and so on. The United States has very strict management of state-owned enterprises, that is, federal companies. It has no other exclusive rights except increasing its capital, and it can't even get capital by landing in the stock market.
Second, introduce some American state-owned enterprises.
1. USPC: USPC, also known as the US Postal Service, formerly known as the US Postal Service, has 560,000 employees and is the largest postal company in the United States.
2. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was established under the Bank of America Act to provide statutory deposit insurance services for qualified state banks in the United States.
The American General Chamber of Commerce (AGBA) is a business service organization registered in the United States and licensed by the federal government.
Third, representative state-owned enterprises in other capitalist countries.
Not only the United States but also other major capitalist countries in the world have state-owned enterprises.
1. A representative state-owned enterprise in Britain: the Bank of England, originally a private enterprise, was nationalized by the British Labor Party in 1946.
2. Representative state-owned enterprises in France: France National Railways, which is also the focus of French President Macron's reform plan. Now French railway workers are on strike to protest against Macron's reform plan.
French railway workers staged the biggest strike in 80 years to protest against Macron's reform plan.
3. The representative state-owned enterprise in Germany and Cuba: Deutsche Bahn AG.
References:
American state-owned enterprises (federal companies)-Baidu Encyclopedia