The birth of modern petroleum industry in the world
August 27th this year marks the 50th anniversary of the birth of the world oil industry/KLOC-0. /kloc-on this day 0/50 years ago, by the oil flow in Titusville, Pennsylvania, Edwin, the representative of seneca Oil Company? Drake drilled the oil flow with a percussion drill driven by a steam engine, and pumped the oil with a pump driven by a steam engine. People call this well Drake Well. It is universally acknowledged that this is the beginning of the world oil industry.
Why is the day when Drake oil well produced oil designated as the birth day of the world oil industry? And why is the place where this Drake well is located designated as the birthplace of the world oil industry?
To call oil production an industry, we must first go to scale. If a place only drills a few wells and produces a small amount of crude oil, it is not an industry. After the Drake well was put into production, there was an oil-seeking fever around Oil Creek in Pennsylvania, and many people were drilling wells to find oil. In less than 65,438+00 years, Apara's Chia region has become a large-scale oil-producing area, with an annual oil output of 3 million barrels (465,438+00,000 tons) in just three years.
The embargo ended on March 1974.
The first oil crisis was the dual product of the decrease of oil supply and the increase of oil price. For many years, for the United States, Europe and other countries, oil is a very cheap and inexhaustible resource, and oil has accounted for half of all energy consumption. The sudden shortage of supply makes people everywhere nervous and sad. This taught them a lesson and made them understand that oil is a valuable non-renewable resource and should not be wasted. The International Energy Agency, which was born in the crisis, coordinated the energy policies of various countries, put energy conservation and consumption reduction in the first place, and curbed the rapid rise of oil consumption.
The first oil crisis was a turning point in the world oil industry. "Gan-Kun reversal" and "Petroleum Seven Sisters" no longer dominate oil production and oil price. Dominance has shifted to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. If they want to cut production, they will cut production, and the subsidiaries of Arab oil-producing giants have to obey. They want to raise prices, and "Oil Seven Sisters" is deprived of pricing power.
The first oil crisis had an unusually strong political color. At the critical moment, Arab oil-producing countries showed rare unity. Gulf Arab oil-producing countries, especially Saudi Arabia, have always been "pro-American". In the last Middle East war, some Arab countries once imposed an oil embargo, but Saudi Arabia did not approve or participate. Other OPEC countries also took the opportunity to sell a lot of oil, which led to the failure of the embargo. This time, Saudi Arabia's position is very clear. Arab oil-producing countries share the same enemy, and OPEC countries all support it. Times have changed. At the critical moment of Arab national crisis, national unity rose to the first place, and Arabs took up oil weapons.