palm
Palm trees are evergreen trees. The trunk is cylindrical, and the old petiole and its lower leaves remain. Originated in China, it is distributed in the south of Qinling Mountains except Tibet. It is often used in courtyards, roadsides and flower beds and is suitable for viewing in all seasons. Wood can be used to make utensils, leaves can be used to make handicrafts such as fans and hats, and roots can be used as medicine.
Edit abstract Edit information module Chinese scientific name: Palm? Chinese alias: Tang Brown, China Fan Brown, spelling Brown English name: Trachycarpus fortunei? Realm: Plant Realm: Angiosperms? Class: Monocotyledons (Liliaceae): Arecae is the only family. ? Family: Palmae, also known as Areca catechu. Industry: Parma? Species: distribution of palm species: in China, it is mainly distributed in warm, humid and rainy areas south of Qinling and Yangtze River basins.
Palm trees, whose scientific name is Trachycarpus fortunei, also known as Tang Brown, China Fan Brown and Pintan Brown, are evergreen trees of Palmae. It is a monocotyledonous plant with a height of 5 ~ 7 meters and a trunk diameter of about 20 cm. The trunk is cylindrical, upright and unbranched, and there are annular leaf scars on the trunk. The leaves are round and fan-shaped, clustered at the top of the trunk and spread outward, and palmately parted below the middle to form multiple lanceolate lobes; There are serrations on both sides of the petiole, and the bracts at the base of the leaves expand into yellow-brown or dark-brown fiber sheaths covering the trunk, commonly known as brown skin or brown slices. The flowers are unisexual, with fleshy panicles between leaves, and obvious big flower buds. The flowers are light yellow and small, and the newly sprouted ears are mostly as small as roe, which is called "brown bamboo shoots" (also known as wooden fish) in ancient times. Calyx and corolla are trifoliate, with 6 stamens, 3-loculed ovary and carpels at the base. Drupe is spherical or kidney-shaped, which changes from green to dark brown or grayish brown when it matures, and is slightly covered with waxy and white powder, which is very hard. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruit ripens in June 10 ~ 1 1.
Tung oil tree is a special economic tree species. Its main product, brown leather, can be made into ropes, brown mats, carpets and so on. Young leaves can be woven into hats, fans, baskets and bags, and wood can be used as bridge piles, pigsty and sink. The crushed seeds can be fed to livestock, and the "old brown charcoal" made of flowers, fruits and old brown silk can be used as medicine. Palm trees are graceful as spring all year round, and they are also good garden trees. Once planted, palm trees will benefit for decades. Therefore, the agricultural proverb says, "There are ten thousand palms at home, and generations are never poor".
Palm originated in China and is cultivated all over the world. It is one of the most hardy palm plants in the world. Palm trees are mainly distributed in the warm, humid and rainy areas south of the Qinling Mountains and the Yangtze River Basin in China, with Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi as the most. They are vertically distributed at an altitude of 300 ~ 1500m and can reach 2700m in the southwest. Palm likes warm and humid climate, which is extremely cold-resistant, more shade-resistant, and the finished product is extremely drought-resistant, but it can't bear too much temperature difference between day and night. The cultivated soil needs good drainage and fertility. Palm root system is shallow, there is no taproot, so it should not be too deep when planting, and the hole surface remains plate after planting. Palm has strong resistance to smoke, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases, and has absorption capacity, which is suitable for large-scale planting in air pollution areas. In addition, palm has many uses, such as dense trunk texture, firm outside and soft inside, moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant, and it is an excellent building material; Leaf sheath fiber can be used to make brooms, brushes, hemp fibers, pillows, mattresses, water tower filters and so on. Brown leather can be used to make ropes; Palm leaves can be used as canopy cover; Flowers, fruits, palmar roots and palmar leaves can be used as medicine, which is mainly used to treat various diseases such as golden sore, scabies, belt ulcer, hematochezia, dysentery and so on. Seed wax skin can extract high melting point wax for industrial use; Seed kernel is rich in starch and protein, which can be used as livestock feed after crushing; Undeveloped buds can also be used as vegetables.
palm
1, line brown (ponytail brown, coarse brown, slub brown)
The trunk is tall, the internodes are long, the leaves are large, the petioles are long, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are wrinkled, the leaves are thin, the brown slices are thick and dense, the brown silk is thick and long, the structure is sparse, and the tops are combined into strips and droop. High yield and silk yield, less hairy feet, most suitable for rope making. However, the opposite conditions are high, the trunk is high, the internodes are long, and it is not convenient to peel. The seeds are oval and blue-black at maturity.
2. Slab brown (dark brown)
Brown trunk is thick and fat, short, dense internodes, large leaves, thick and fat petioles, green leaves, pleated tips and thick leaves. The brown skin is wider, the brown silk is shorter, the top of the brown silk is separated and slightly drooping, the wool foot is less, and the yield is high, which is suitable for weaving hemp fiber. The opposite condition is also higher. The trunk is thick and fat, and the internodes are short, which is convenient for picking and peeling. When the seeds mature, they are kidney-shaped and yellow-brown.
3. Brown hair (fine brown)
Hairy palm has thick trunk, small leaf body, short petiole and light green leaves. Brown slices are not as wide as plate palm, nor as long as line palm. Brown silk is short and thin, brittle, hairy, with low yield and poor quality. The opposite is common.
4. Mountain brown
Mountain palm is generally in the wild state, with short plants, dense dry details, small leaves, short petioles, yellow-green leaves, narrow and thin brown slices, short brown silk, low yield and poor quality. It can dry barren land and has strong wind resistance.
Palm-a rare species endemic to China.
1, water coconut (Nypa fruticans Wurmb)
Status: Endangered species. Coconut is a constructive species of semi-mangrove and mangrove growing in the soil of tropical marine swamp. Due to excessive logging and fruit picking, the forest phase and natural distribution of water coconut forest are greatly affected. Especially in recent years, large areas of water coconut trees near Hong Kong have been cut down to build houses and sheds. If protection is not strengthened, it will be in an endangered state.
2. Hainan spring yellow croaker
Status: Endangered species. Also known as Chen Brown, it is a plant in Hainan Island with a very narrow distribution range. In recent years, a large number of stalks have been purchased for handicraft production in producing areas, so they have been cut down many times, resulting in decreasing resources and are now on the verge of extinction.
3. Walnut is a rare plant endemic to China. The difference between Juglans mandshurica and Juglans mandshurica is that candles are shorter. Stems become thinner, leaves become smaller, lobes become less, inflorescences become smaller, branches become less, and no longer branch. Bracteoles on branches are yellow-brown, flowers are yellowish, petals roll back strongly, and fruits are small. The ecological and biological characteristics are similar to those of Joan brown, and its ornamental value is higher. Protection should be strengthened to avoid extinction.
4. Dragon Brown (Palm Dragon)
Status: Endangered species. Dragon's paw is produced in western Yunnan. Due to limited distribution, scattered distribution, low fruit yield, poor natural regeneration ability, serious forest damage and unbalanced ecosystem, plants are gradually decreasing.
5. Cariota Ulens L.
Status: Endangered species. Dong Brown is only distributed in Yunnan in China, mainly in limestone mountainous areas. Due to excessive logging, the number of mature plants is decreasing, and the habitats in some areas have been completely destroyed, and the conditions for natural regeneration have been lost. Moreover, it has special biological characteristics, long natural regeneration cycle and is easy to fall into an endangered state.
Palm family characteristics
1, Solanaceae There are only 1 genus and 17 species of Solanum nigrum. Distributed in Africa and Asia. Jujube is an important plant in tropical arid areas and an important food in West Asia and North Africa. They are common in desert oases and are called the Tree of Life. Dried fruits are imported from the Middle East and called Iraqi dates.
2. Palmae subfamily. 3 1 genus, more than 360 species. Distributed in tropical and Mediterranean regions; Most palm leaves belong to this subfamily, and many species are closely related to human life. The most common use is that leaves are used to weave various utensils. Leaf sheath fibers are used as fillers, for example, mallow produced in Guangdong, China, and palm trees produced in the Yangtze River valley.
3. Saccharinae. There are more than 40 species of ***6 genera in tropical Africa and Asia. Haifei palm, also known as African palm wine coconut, is an important economic plant in the inland grassland of Africa, and its inflorescence can be used for brewing wine and making drinks. The fruit of the double coconut, especially produced in the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, is the largest in the plant kingdom, weighing more than 30 kilograms each.
4. Solanine. Asia and Oceania, 3 genera and 38 species. Solanum lyratum is produced in tropical Southeast Asia. Young shoot tips can be used as vegetables, and the pith of trunk can be used to make starch. It is also produced in southern China. Broussonetia papyrifera is distributed in hot and humid areas of Asia. Its fruit is edible when cooked, and its inflorescence axis produces sugar juice. It is also distributed in southern China.
5. Lepidoptera. * * * There are more than 600 species in 22 genera, mainly produced in tropical Asia. This subfamily produces all kinds of important economic products. For example, rattan is an important rattan resource in Southeast Asia, which is used to weave all kinds of exquisite furniture and utensils. The stem is more than 200 meters long and is also produced in southern China. Dragon's blood is a famous original plant of dragon's blood, and its fruit can be extracted with red resin, which can be used as Chinese medicine dragon's blood or dyeing pigment. West Valley Coconut is produced in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, and the pith of the trunk can be made into West Gu Mi (sago) as the staple food.
6. Coconut subfamily. * * * There are 640 species belonging to 22 genera, distributed in tropical regions of the world, mainly in South America. Coconut is widely planted in hot and humid areas of the world, especially in coastal areas. Its fruit is an important fruit and edible oil. The pericarp is full of fiber, and it is also produced in southern China. Oil palm is native to tropical West Africa, and its seeds are rich in oil, which is the source of palm oil. It is cultivated in China, Yunnan and Guangdong.
7. Arecae subfamily. * * * There are 120 genera and 1 100 species, which are distributed in the pantropical zone. Areca catechu is an important medicinal material and chewing product in tropical Asia. It is used by men, women and children, and has the effects of protecting teeth, helping digestion and killing insects. It is cultivated in China, Yunnan and Guangdong. The young shoot tips of royal palm can be used as vegetables; Royal palm trees are common ornamental trees in tropical areas.
8. Coconut subfamily. 1 belongs to 1 species, that is, water coconut, which is distributed in tropical Asia and Oceania and extends northward to Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Province of China, and often grows in mudflats in bays or mixed in mangroves; Often have viviparous habits; The pulp can be eaten or pickled; The juice of inflorescence axis can be used to make drinks; Leaves used for weaving, building houses, etc.
9. Ivory Coconut subfamily. 3 genera 15 species. Distributed in tropical America. Ivory coconut fruit is called plant ivory, which is used to make handicrafts.
Palm planting technology
1 seed collection
Seeds should be collected from mature trees of 15 ~ 40 years. Seeds of young and old trees should not be used. During11~ 65438+February, palm trees must be harvested when they are completely mature and gray. After the twigs are removed, the seeds are placed indoors, spread with the thickness of 12 ~ 15 cm, and aired for about 15 days, and then the seeds can be planted. If you sow in spring, mix it with wet sand, spread it indoors, cover it with straw and keep it moist.
2. Soil preparation and sowing
Nursery land should be sandy loam or clay loam which is close to the water source and is not easily affected by drought and flood. Generally, 8 ~ 10 tons of decomposed human excrement and 20 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied every "7 square meters". After ploughing, make a frame with the width of 1 4 meters. 50) Yong Yan irrigates the border and breaks the clods, so you can sow. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in plant ash water for 48-64 hours, the wax outside the peel and seeds should be wiped off, and then the seeds should be washed and sown. Because the germination rate of palm seeds is 1
Generally, it is only about 40%, so it is necessary to sow enough seeds, and sow 50-60 kilograms every 6 67 square meters. Drill, spacing of 20 ~ 25cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with a mixture of plant ash dung and fine and fertile soil fertilizer, not too thick, with a thickness of 2-2.5 cm.
Degree. Then cover with a layer of rice (wheat) grass to prevent the soil from drying and hardening.
3. Seedling management
When more than 80% of the seedlings emerge, the cover grass will be removed at night and the surface of the border will be sprayed with a watering can. Keep the soil moist at seedling stage and pull out weeds in time. One month after the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to water, and 2 kilograms of urea should be poured every "7 square meters". After 3 ~ 4 months, when the seedlings grow to three leaves, they will plunge in. Rhizosphere soil should be loose and fertile, and 80 ~10 tons of decomposed soil fertilizer should be applied every 6.67 square meters. The row spacing of the heel is15cm x l3 cm. After planting, water it every night until it survives. A month later, I began to loosen the soil and topdressing. In high temperature season, use grass stems to shade seedlings. The seedlings are about 6 0 cm tall and can be transplanted.
transplant
Choose a hillside with moist and fertile soil and good drainage at the foot of the mountain, especially in the academy, such as fields, land edges, houses, streams and roadsides. Low-lying, heavy clay, dead yellow mud, acid and alkali, shallow soil layer, not suitable for planting. When planting in pieces, all weeds and shrubs on the ground should be cut down in July and August of the year before transplanting, and the weeds and shrubs should be buried in the soil by digging about 30 cm; When transplanting, break clods and pick up stones, roots, etc. And dig a pit for afforestation. The depth, length and width of the hole are all 3 0 cm, and the row spacing and plant spacing are 17 m and 1 respectively. Plant about 30 plants per 6.67 square meters. Scattered planting, 2 0. Convince yourself to dig a hole in the transplanting place, the depth of the hole is 30 ~ 35 cm, and the length and width of the hole are 4. Cm, the spacing between trees is 2 meters, and the spacing between street trees is more than 3 meters. Because brown seedlings have no main roots and fibrous roots extend in all directions, it is necessary to spread some soil in the center of the hole bottom to make it higher than the surrounding area. When planting, the stems of the seedlings stand in the middle, and the fibrous roots extend obliquely to the surrounding low-lying areas, and then they should be filled and compacted. Be careful not to plant the seedlings too deep to prevent them from being buried in the soil. If the hole is deep and the seedlings are small, you can fill the bottom of the hole with some decomposed soil fertilizer or fertile soil. Fertilize every 2 ~ 3 years after transplanting, and apply fire fertilizer, garbage and soil fertilizer. Attention should also be paid to drainage and debt prevention to prevent rotten roots from dying. Also pay attention to the timely removal of lichens, lichens, knee vines and so on on the trunk.
Main function of palm
Tung oil tree is a special economic tree species. Its main product, brown leather, can be made into ropes, brown mats, carpets and so on. Young leaves can be woven into hats, fans, baskets and bags, and wood can be used as bridge piles, pigsty and sink. The crushed seeds can be fed to livestock, and the "old brown charcoal" made of flowers, fruits and old brown silk can be used as medicine. Palm trees are graceful as spring all year round, and they are also good garden trees. Once planted, palm trees will benefit for decades. Therefore, the agricultural proverb says, "There are ten thousand palms at home, and generations are never poor".
Summarized as follows
1. Palm trees are planted in courtyards, roadsides and flower beds. The trees are tall and tall, with lush leaves, which are suitable for viewing in all seasons.
2. Wood can be used to make utensils. Among monocotyledonous plants, there are about 6.5438+0 million plants in Jiangsu Palm Base, which constitute some unique landscapes of tropical plants with their unique morphological characteristics.
3. Dicotyledonous palm trees with fan-shaped leaf sheaths can be used as fans.
Brown leather is made into brown clothes in Zhejiang, which is an ancient raincoat.
5, palm flower indications: blood collapse; Take it down; Intestinal wind; Diarrhea; Lapis lazuli
6, palm skin indications: vomiting blood; Bleeding; Bloody stool; Bloody; Urinating blood; Blood collapse; Traumatic bleeding.
7, palmar root indications: vomiting blood; Bloody stool; Collapse and leakage; Take it down; Dysentery; Leaching turbidity; Edema; Joint pain; Laplace operator; Liu Zhu; Pain caused by falling.
8, palm indications: intestine; Collapse and leakage; Take it down; Diarrhea; Nocturnal nocturnal emission
Brown clothes
The style of wearing brown clothes after fengcun.
In the history of fengcun, Xianju County, Zhejiang Province, wearing brown clothes was the main source of income. The brown clothes in this village are long and sleeveless, and a dense layer of brown pieces hangs down to make the clothes watertight. More than 20 years ago, palm trees were everywhere in front of and behind rural houses, and palm slices were wrapped on the trunk. To use brown silk, take a knife, climb a ladder to a palm tree, peel off the pieces of brown silk, remove the brown leaves and dry them for later use. The tool for weaving palm hemp fiber is very simple, a guide needle slightly smaller than chopsticks, and a box of palm silk soaked in tung oil to lubricate the guide needle. When making brown clothes, draw brown silk first. Comb the pieces of brown silk with a rake, rotate it and rub it into a brown silk rope for later use. Make the collar first, fold the flaky brown silk according to the shape of the collar, and sew it carefully with brown silk rope. When the collar is finished, it unfolds into shoulders and backs one by one. Then make a brown hem and finally splice it into a brown coconut shell. It usually takes two days to make a brown dress.
At that time, the industry of knitting brown clothes was quite prosperous. Every year, there are also masters who go all over the county to knit brown clothes and stay in a village for at least one month. There are fewer and fewer people wearing brown clothes now. First of all, in recent years, farmers' production projects have been diversified and farming efficiency has been greatly improved. "Going home in the rain and slanting wind", except for transplanting rice seedlings and occasional emergencies, they no longer soak in the fields all the year round, rain or shine, and the rain gear used for field work is greatly reduced. Secondly, it has been replaced by modern diversified rain gear such as plastic raincoats and umbrellas, and is favored by young people. But practical old farmers still like brown clothes, which are breathable and durable, and are used to shade seedlings, especially when transplanting rice.
But young people are always willing to sacrifice practicality for beauty, and they also have their own advantages, such as portability and aesthetics. As a result, many teachers who weave brown clothes have already turned to make a living, and this trade and craft are almost forgotten. Although many farmers can still see brown clothes, they are all worn-out brown clothes left over from the years. At the edge of the vegetable garden and on the hills in the country, occasionally several old palm trees stand alone in the wind.
According to the literature, people used raincoats as early as the Zhou Dynasty. The earliest raincoats were made of Miscanthus, called "hemp fiber", also called "hemp fiber". There are abundant palms in the south of the Yangtze River, and most of them are woven into hemp fibers from brown silk, which is called brown clothes, also known as "brown hemp fibers". Legend has it that in ancient times, yaoyu was born into a peasant family. When he ascended the throne, he had no clothes to wear, so he stripped his hair and brown into hemp fibers and put them on to accept the congratulations of the people. Later, hemp fiber became a sacred garment, which can not only prevent wind and rain, but also resist wild animals. Ming Hui Dian Time Estimation of Stolen Goods: "One palm fiber, thirty penetration." It can be seen that palm fiber has accompanied people for thousands of years.
Hemp fiber has always been a necessary rain gear for all families, even among princes and nobles. In the 45th chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, he wrote: "I saw Baoyu wearing a big bamboo hat and hemp fiber. Daiyu smiled unconsciously. "Where did that fisherman come from?" "Jiangnan rainy, hemp fiber is essential. Only later, with the appearance of other more beautiful rain gear, it retreated from the necessity of every household to the uniqueness of farmers and became a special rain gear for farmers in the south. I remember when I was a child, every family in the countryside had several brown clothes. Generally, when there are several laborers at home, there are at least a few brown clothes. Last summer, people with difficulties in life sewed shorts with a few pieces of brown.
In history, hemp fiber has a far-reaching influence on people's lives, which is reflected in the poems of past dynasties. For example, "The Book of Songs Xiaoya has no sheep": "Er Mu comes to think, why bother?" Han Maoheng commented: "rotten, we must be prepared for rain; Hey, so keep it hot. " Tang Cui Daorong's poem "On the Field" reads: "Two feet are high and white, plowing in the middle of the night. People and cattle are exhausted, and the East is extremely unclear. The most famous one is Zhang Zhi's famous phrase "Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, no need to return it in the oblique wind and drizzle" in the Tang Dynasty, which depicts a poetic picture of the life of fishermen in Jiangnan or an enviable scene of the life of hermits in Jiangnan [1].
Palm planting and sliced palm
Palm grows very slowly in infancy and needs proper shade. It takes about 3-5 years for the stem length to emerge from the surface, 3-4 years for the palmately folded normal leaves to form, and the production time is more than 8 years. At this time, the height of palm trees is only 1.3- 1.5m, which is a slow growth process, especially in bare land without shade. The same soil and variety grow more vigorously under the light intensity of 1/4- 1/5 than 1/2. Before putting into production, the annual growth process showed a growth period, with small growth and no obvious rapid growth period. In the early stage, this characteristic of palm was basically the same among varieties. In order to accelerate the growth of palm, long-term continuous management is needed throughout infancy. Especially from May to September, when new leaves grow, the growth of palm height and ground diameter is almost synchronous, and the initial growth mainly depends on the supply of photosynthetic products accumulated in the early stage.
Palm oil by-product palm oil
Palm oil is extracted from oil palm, which has been a natural food for more than 5000 years. Palm oil originated in West Africa. Palm oil was introduced to Malaysia from 65438 to 0870, when it was only used as a decorative plant. It was not until 19 17 that the first commercial planting was carried out. In the 1960s, Malaysia began to significantly increase palm oil production to help reduce its dependence on rubber and coffee trade.
Palm oil is also called "saturated fat" because it contains 50% saturated fat. Oil is a mixture of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. Palm oil is a kind of vegetable oil, which can replace other oils, such as soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, lard and butter. Because of the relationship between palm oil and various oils and fats, the price of palm oil fluctuates with the total price of world oil, and the price of palm oil also fluctuates greatly.
Quality introduction
Palm oil is an important part of the world oil market. 198 1 year accounts for a large proportion of world oil production, about 9%. It is expected that its total trade volume in the world oil market will further increase.
Palm oil is extracted from oil palm, which has been a natural food for more than 5000 years. Palm oil originated in West Africa. Palm oil was introduced to Malaysia from 65438 to 0870, when it was only used as a decorative plant. It was not until 19 17 that the first commercial planting was carried out. In the 1960s, Malaysia began to significantly increase palm oil production to help reduce its dependence on rubber and coffee trade.
Oil palm is a kind of crop that blooms and bears fruits all year round. The commercial production of oil palm can last for 25 years.
Oil palm is the most efficient oil-producing plant in the world. In Malaysia, oil palm currently produces about 5 tons of oil per hectare, five times higher than peanuts and nine times higher than soybeans of the same area. Oil palm in Malaysia has reached maturity on average, with an average annual output of 3.7 tons of crude palm oil per hectare.
Palm oil is also called "saturated fat" because it contains 50% saturated fat. Oil is a mixture of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat.
Palm oil is a kind of vegetable oil, which can replace other oils, such as soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, lard and butter. Due to the relationship between palm oil and various oils and fats, the price of palm oil fluctuates with the general international oil price, and the price of palm oil fluctuates greatly.
use
Palm oil is widely used in cooking and food manufacturing in the world. It is used as cooking oil, crispy fat and margarine. Like other edible oils, palm oil is easy to digest and absorb, which promotes health. Palm oil is an important component of fat, which is mild in nature and a good material for making food. Judging from the composition of palm oil, its high solid glycerol content keeps food stable without hydrogenation, which effectively resists oxidation. It is also suitable for hot climate and becomes a good seasoning for cakes and baked products. Palm oil is deeply loved by food manufacturing industry because of its several characteristics.
In addition, palm oil can also be used to make soap, vegetable oil and many other products.
In China, refined palm oil is currently used for cooking and frying food (bread, biscuits, etc. ), the main index of product specifications is that the melting point does not exceed 24℃-33℃, and the annual demand accounts for the vast majority of imports; Refined palm oil for industrial use requires a melting point of not less than 44℃. It is mainly used to make soap, stearic acid and glycerin, and the annual demand is basically several hundred thousand tons.
Living environment of palm and its role in human beings
Palm trees like warm and humid climate and light. Extremely cold-tolerant, it can tolerate the low temperature of-14 degrees, and it is one of the earliest palm plants in China.
use
Palm trees are planted in courtyards, roadsides and flower beds, with tall and straight trees and lush leaves, which are suitable for viewing in all seasons. Wood can be used to make utensils. Among monocotyledonous plants, there are about 6.5438+0 million plants in Jiangsu Palm Base, which constitute some unique landscapes of tropical plants with their unique morphological characteristics. Dicotyledonous palm trees with fan-shaped leaf sheaths are the most common in Jiangsu palm base. It provides palm fiber, leaves can be made into handicrafts such as fans and hats, and roots can be used as medicine. [2]
Palm function attending palm
Convergence and hemostasis. Used for hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, hematochezia and metrorrhagia.
1, nosebleed. Burn ash with your palm and blow it into your bleeding nostrils.
2, the blood collapsed. There are palm leather business tax deposits, San Qian hollow service, and light wine delivery.
3, the enemy country is soaked. Half-baked and half-fried with palm skin and ground into powder. Two yuan each time.
4, bloody. Make half a catty of palm skin and a bridge, and burn it to ashes. Two yuan each time, rice soup adjustment.
5, diarrhea. Burning the skin of the palm. Grinding to the end, a spoonful of water.
6.i can't pee. Use palm skin to burn sex, water and wine can be two yuan.
Palm cultivation management model
(1) Intercropping Brown Rice
This is the main business model of developing palm trees in pieces, planting them in a short period of time, and promoting their growth and early production by replacing tillage with tillage. Generally, palm trees are often planted as needed or sown, with 3000-6000 trees per hectare, which can be put into production in about 12 years. After production, 750-3000 kilograms of palm slices can be harvested per hectare.
Intercropping crops includes corn, potatoes, potatoes and beans. Coupled with spring ploughing and spring planting, the grain yield per hectare can reach 3000-3750 kg. And Sheela, Koharu idlers.
(2) Palm trees are mixed with other tree species.
This cultivation method mainly appears at an altitude of 800- 1300 m (1500 m), and the mixed trees are mostly alder, cypress, tung tree, Chinese toon, Chinese fir and paulownia on the edge of the basin. The mixing effect of palm trees and fast-growing broad-leaved trees is better than that of conifers. Generally, other tree species are planted first, and then planted after palm trees are enclosed or close to enclosure. In this way, we can plant trees to suppress weeds, improve light, water and nutrients, and create a suitable environment in the early stage of palm growth.
(3) intercropping types of brown tea
This is a common cultivation method in tea-producing mountain areas, and it is also one of the methods of combining short tillage with long tillage to make full use of land resources. The general practice is:
The row spacing of palm trees is 2m, and the plant spacing is1m. Plant two rows of tea between two palm trees. Tea is often planted 2-3 years before brown planting, or brown and tea are planted at the same time. Tea is harvested after 4-6 years, and palm slices 10 years or so. Under this cultivation mode, 1 hectare can harvest 15-30 kg of tea, and 75- 100 kg of palm trees can be harvested every year after production. The disadvantage is the harm of multiple caterpillars.
(4) Pure palm forest
Pure palm trees are often planted in areas with less labor, large barren hills, and many stones or stone oak on the surface, which are not suitable for farming. Generally, it is planted once, and then it is constantly updated naturally to achieve the purpose of cultivating and utilizing the follow-up resources. This residential area is characterized by "several generations under one roof" and high density, which can be put into production in about 12 years.
Planting density is particularly important for this management model. Generally, the plant spacing of 1m× 1m is adopted. In the place where the surface is full of stones, the pure palm forest has been continuously weeding and fertilizing for 3 years after afforestation, and the growth of young forest is also very unsatisfactory. The average height of 6-year-old is only 33cm, the average ground diameter is 4.3cm, and there are 12 leaves. Although there are a certain number of naturally regenerated adult palm trees on the forest land, the yield is low. Therefore, this mode of operation may not be ideal.
(5) Planting around
Planting on all sides in the same distribution area is the most extensive cultivation method. It is mainly planted on the edge of the ground and next to houses, as a surrounding greening tree species or for the people's own use. It is sporadic and not a commodity of the Five Principles.
Palm-the main injury to the palm
1. Climatic diseases mainly occur in the western mountainous areas, which are caused by the low temperature and rainy flowering period, making the inflorescence buds unable to grow bracts. It mainly affects the color of brown slices and forms the so-called "flower shell brown".
2. The main pests are longicorn beetles and scale insects, and the control methods are the same as those of common tree species.
3. Animal hazards: First, rats in mountain rat and Hotan eat palm hearts and palm seed; The second is the woodpecker who eats insects. Because it pecks open the bark to eat insects, there are often holes in the trunk, and the trunk rots and collapses after the rain invades.