(China Geo University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074)
To promote the rise of Central China and build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must strengthen geological work, give full play to the leading and basic role of geological work, and effectively improve the ability of mineral resources to guarantee the sustainable economic and social development of Hubei.
First, strengthening geological work is an inevitable requirement to achieve sustainable economic and social development in Hubei.
1. Geological work is the pillar and basic work to implement the sustainable development strategy and the forerunner of economic construction.
Since the founding of New China, the geological work in Hubei has developed rapidly and made great achievements, making important contributions to the economic and social development of Hubei. In mineral exploration, * * * has found all kinds of minerals 143, of which 98 have been found to have resource reserves. The total potential value of solid mineral reserves is close to10.5 trillion yuan. Phosphorus, gypsum, rock salt, copper, iron, limestone for cement, siliceous raw materials for glass and other important minerals in the national economy have comparative advantages in resource reserves and development scale, and are chemical and metallurgical industries in Hubei. In terms of basic geology, hydrology and engineering environment geology, the level of regional geological research in Hubei Province has been improved in an all-round way, and a large number of advanced scientific and technological achievements have been made, and a monitoring network of geological environment and groundwater has been established, which provides a geological basis for major national projects, urban construction, geological disaster prevention and groundwater development and utilization.
2. To promote the rise of Central China and build a well-off society in an all-round way, the resource guarantee task of geological work is very arduous.
Building a well-off society in an all-round way means that China's economy will maintain sustained, rapid and healthy development in the next 20 years. By 2020, the gross domestic product will quadruple that of 2000, which will inevitably lead to a continuous increase in the demand for resources. As far as the whole country is concerned, at present, more than half of the 45 major minerals are consumed faster than the growth rate. The import volume of major strategic minerals such as oil, iron-rich ore, copper mine, high-quality bauxite and potassium salt is increasing year by year, and the resource situation is grim. As far as Hubei province is concerned, three of the eight major industries in the province's economy are directly related to mineral resources, and the security of mineral resources is related to the overall development of Hubei. Although the supply of mineral resources in this province is wide, the degree of resource guarantee and self-sufficiency rate of most minerals are low, which can not meet the demand and the resource situation is not optimistic. In particular, some pillar minerals, such as oil, coal, iron ore, copper mine, bauxite and pyrite, which have an important impact on the national economy of our province, are seriously short of available reserve resources. The self-sufficiency rate is declining, the dependence on external resources and markets is too high, and the contradiction between supply and demand is increasingly prominent, which restricts the sustainable development of mining and related industries. In addition, some advantageous and characteristic minerals in this province, such as phosphate rock, decorative slate, decorative granite, etc., are seriously exploited blindly because of ignoring geological exploration, resulting in great waste of resources and weakening advantages. Geological work undertakes the historical mission of providing resources for economic construction. We must strive to find more and better resources in the shortest time, improve the supply capacity and guarantee degree of mineral resources in this province, and alleviate the contradiction between resource shortage and economic growth.
3. To establish and implement Scientific Outlook on Development and meet the increasingly diverse social needs, geological work must constantly expand its service functions and fields.
Adhering to the people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept and speeding up the process of new industrialization, urbanization and modernization in Hubei require that geological work must adapt to the transformation of economic growth mode with a brand-new development concept, focus on the coordination and unity of sustainable utilization of resources, continuous improvement of the environment and benign ecological cycle, and be more closely integrated with economic and social development, so as to provide multi-level and all-round services for economic and social development more actively. In view of the fragile geological environment, frequent geological disasters, uneven groundwater abundance, slow development of large-scale agriculture, backward geological landscape development and protection, and many geological problems caused by key projects and urban construction in Hubei Province, the geological and mineral exploration work in our province must give full play to its professional advantages, seize opportunities, meet challenges, strengthen hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, urban geology, agricultural geology and tourism geology, and accelerate the transformation from a single service resource guarantee goal to resource guarantee, environmental protection and disaster reduction and prevention.
Two, strengthen the guiding ideology, basic principles and overall objectives of geological work in Hubei.
1. The guiding ideology of strengthening geological work in Hubei at present and in the future.
Adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on the requirements and tasks of promoting the rise of Central China and building a well-off society in an all-round way, closely combine the needs of Hubei's economic and social development and the geological characteristics and resource prospects of this province, take the market as the guide, improve the effective supply capacity and guarantee degree of mineral resources, serve the whole process of economic construction, and strive to create a new situation in Hubei's geological and mineral exploration work and promote the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of Hubei's economy and society.
2. Basic principles to be adhered to in strengthening geological work in Hubei.
First, adhere to the principle of taking the protection of mineral resources as the core and paying equal attention to the protection of mineral resources and geological environment to serve the whole process of economic construction and social development; Second, adhere to the principle of combining resources, environment with regional and industrial economic layout, adjust measures to local conditions, and give full play to the leading and basic role of geological and mineral exploration; Third, relying on the resources and strength of this province, making full use of the principle of "two resources and two markets" to build a stable, safe, diversified and effective resource supply system; Fourth, adhere to the principles of market orientation, the combination of macro-control and market mechanism, and the combination of public welfare and commercialization, and promote the diversification of investment, standardization of operation and legalization of management in geological and mineral exploration; Fifth, adhere to scientific and technological innovation and combine multi-disciplinary Industry-University-Research to promote new breakthroughs in geological and mineral exploration; Sixth, adhere to the theme of development, correctly handle the relationship between reform and stability, history and present situation, and deepen the reform of geological prospecting team.
3. Strengthen the overall goal of geological work in Hubei.
A number of large and medium-sized mining areas with important minerals have been added, a number of new mineral exploration and development bases have been formed, and a number of prospecting areas have been delineated. The resources in the old areas have continued to grow, and breakthroughs have been made in prospecting in the new areas. New progress has been made in groundwater exploration in water-deficient areas, key economic zones and over-exploited areas, and the degree of mineral resources protection in the province has been effectively improved. The degree of basic geological investigation and research and the popularization of achievements have been further improved, the monitoring and prevention system of geological environment and geological disasters has been further improved, and the function and role of geological work in serving the sustainable development of economy and society have been further expanded and enhanced. The market system of mining rights has been gradually improved, the standardization and legalization of geological and mineral exploration management have been improved, and the investment environment has been improved. The reform of geological work system has been further deepened, the strength of geological exploration team has been enhanced, and geological exploration has quickly embarked on the road of sustainable development.
Three, strengthen the key deployment suggestions of Hubei geological work
1. Carry out multi-objective and multi-purpose comprehensive geological survey based on geoscience, further improve the basic geological work in the province, and provide general geological data for economic and social development.
(1) regional geological survey. Achieve full coverage of medium-scale regional geological surveys, strengthen large-scale regional geological surveys in important economic zones and large-scale regional mineral surveys in important metallogenic belts, solve basic geological problems in important geological structural units and key metallogenic belts, and speed up the update of relevant basic maps and data.
(2) Regional geophysical and geochemical survey. Focus on regional gravity survey, fill the blank area of regional geophysical survey in this province, and focus on identifying regional concealed large structures and concealed rock masses. Focusing on key economic zones such as Wuhan urban economic circle, the tasks and contents of the work are determined from a multi-objective perspective, and regional geochemical surveys are carried out to provide geological and geochemical information for mineral evaluation and exploration, ecological construction, environmental protection, agricultural production and other fields.
(3) Investigation of regional hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology. Strengthen hydrogeological investigation in water-deficient areas and important economic zones; Promote the investigation and study of environmental geology in the Yangtze River basin and Hanjiang River basin; Investigate and evaluate the geological environment of key nature reserves; Carry out a comprehensive survey of mine eco-geological environment in the province; Carry out a comprehensive survey of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology in Wuhan urban economic circle; Continue to investigate the geological background of flood disasters in the flood-stricken areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; Continue to carry out the prevention and control of geological disasters in counties (cities) of the province.
2. Strengthen the core position of mineral resources exploration, tap the potential of old areas, strive for breakthroughs in new areas, and effectively improve the level of mineral resources protection.
(1) Study and compile the province's geological and mineral exploration planning and special planning for key minerals and important mining areas, make overall arrangements and deployments for the province's geological and mineral exploration work, and formulate scientific development strategies and implementation measures. Strengthen the research on the demand forecast of geological and mineral exploration in this province; Comprehensively summarize the temporal and spatial distribution law, regional metallogenic law and exploration and development potential of mineral resources in this province; Through comprehensive and systematic investigation and comprehensive analysis, establish the direction of geological and mineral exploration that meets the needs of economic and social development in this province, put forward the overall layout of mineral resources exploration that meets the geological conditions and laws of this province, and divide the key exploration and evaluation minerals and constituencies that meet the requirements of industrial layout in this province.
(2) Effectively strengthen the work of "exploring the blind" and "exploring the edge to find the bottom" in the old areas, and try our best to alleviate the problem of replacing crisis mine resources. Strengthen the data, technology and capital cooperation among geological prospecting units, mines and mineral post-processing enterprises. On the basis of finding out the present situation of mineral resources and the needs of enterprises, focus on the deployment and development of major iron-copper-gold polymetallic mining areas in southeastern Hubei, four major phosphate mining areas (Yichang, Baokang, Jingxiang and Huangmailing), Jianghan Plain and oil and gas fields in southwestern Hubei, and Yindonggou silver-gold mining area in Zhushan County, so as to improve the resource reserve categories of known mining areas.
(3) Attach great importance to mineral exploration and evaluation in low-level scenic spots, and discover and submit a number of new large and medium-sized mineral exploration and development bases as soon as possible. In the past, limited by the level of knowledge and natural, technical and economic conditions, the work level is low but the metallogenic geological conditions are superior, so as to strengthen the mineral exploration and evaluation, and strive to make a major breakthrough in prospecting by improving theoretical understanding, comprehensively applying methods and selecting effective means. Focus: the overall exploration and evaluation of phosphate rock in Shennongjia area, strive to submit large or super-large phosphate rock areas, and consolidate the advantages of phosphate rock resources in our province; The exploration and evaluation of lead-zinc deposits in western Hubei will strive to make a major breakthrough in the main ore concentration areas, discover and evaluate 1 ~ 2 large-scale lead-zinc deposits, change the shortage of lead-zinc resources in our province, and promote the planning and construction of metallurgical mine bases in western Hubei; Explore and evaluate the copper polymetallic deposits in Dawu, Wuxue and Jinniu volcanic basin, and strive to find a number of new deposits to alleviate the contradiction of insufficient copper supply in our province; The exploration and evaluation of cement limestone and decorative stone along the river will improve the level of resource exploration and provide resource guarantee for the development of building materials industry in our province; Exploration and evaluation of Zhuxi-Zhushan slate and other characteristic minerals, find out the resource base, and give play to the benefit of development and utilization of characteristic resources in our province; New and efficient exploration of non-metallic minerals and non-traditional mineral resources, and explore new ideas for mineral resources exploration; The exploration of groundwater in water shortage and over-exploitation areas and geothermal resources in urban areas can meet the needs of local economic and social development.
(4) Actively explore the risk exploration of mineral resources outside the province and abroad, and gradually establish an external supply system for minerals in short supply in this province. Encourage participation in international and domestic mineral resources exploration and development, and promote the development of mining industry in this province in the direction of regionalization and internationalization. In terms of domestic regional cooperation, regions with great potential for resource exploration and development, strong complementary resources, a certain investment environment and a foundation for resource exploration or mineral products trade are encouraged to conduct risk exploration on minerals that are seriously in short supply or have significant return on investment in this province. Encourage powerful geological prospecting units, enterprises and institutions to explore and develop mineral resources overseas, promote the adjustment of mining structure and improve the economic benefits of mining. Focus on supporting the risk exploration and development of bulk mineral resources such as oil, coal, iron ore, copper mine and potassium salt. Precious minerals that are in short supply in China and urgently needed in this province, with little risk and quick effect.
3. Give play to professional and technical advantages, broaden the field of geological work, and strive to serve the whole process of economic and social development.
(1) Carry out agricultural geological investigation and evaluation of important agricultural economic zones in the whole province, and provide geological scientific basis for the development of modern agriculture. Conscientiously implement the agricultural geological survey of Jianghan Basin Economic Zone in Hubei Province jointly carried out by the provinces and departments. Through multi-objective cooperative geological mapping and special research, it provides scientific basis for developing high-quality, high-yield, efficient and safe famous and special agricultural products, soil improvement, agricultural structure adjustment and comprehensive agricultural development according to local conditions, and provides decision-making basis for sustainable social and economic development and planning in this area, and promotes it to the whole province.
(2) Do a good job in the preliminary geological work of major national and provincial infrastructure construction such as water conservancy, transportation, communication and energy. Actively participate in the implementation of the third phase of geological disaster prevention and control planning in the Three Gorges reservoir area; Cooperate with the site selection, route selection, design, construction and safety of major projects, carry out comprehensive investigations on new structures, geological disasters, geological environment and overlying minerals, analyze and evaluate environmental and engineering geological problems, and provide geological basis for engineering construction.
(3) Promote urban geological work and actively serve urban planning, construction and management. Create conditions for the state to support the urban geological work in our province, deploy and carry out large-scale urban comprehensive geological survey and thematic mapping in key large and medium-sized cities as soon as possible, and build an urban geological database information system and an urban geological environment dynamic monitoring system. Find out the geological background of underground space resources, space security and space environmental capacity for the urbanization layout of Hubei and the construction of Wuhan urban economic circle, and solve the urban geological problems related to urban land use, engineering construction, garbage disposal, environmental protection and disaster prevention.
(4) Strengthen the construction of geological environment monitoring network in the whole province, and improve the level of geological environment monitoring, early warning, forecasting and governance. Implement groundwater environment and geological disaster monitoring projects as soon as possible, constantly improve the province's geological environment monitoring network and information service and release system, and further improve the accuracy and timeliness of early warning and forecasting; Improve the monitoring and prevention system of geological disasters, do a good job in special monitoring, forecasting and prevention of key geological disasters, and improve the emergency prevention and control ability of geological disasters in flood season and key areas; Strengthen the monitoring and management of groundwater environment, soil geological environment, mine geological environment and major engineering construction geological environment.
(5) Carry out the investigation of tourism geological resources and geological relics, with the goal of creating national and world-class geological parks, promote the planning and construction of geological parks at all levels, and provide scientific guarantee for their reasonable protection and development.
IV. Guarantee measures and suggestions for strengthening geological work in Hubei Province
1. Broaden funding channels, increase investment in geological work, and cultivate diversified investment system in geological work.
(1) Appropriately increase the investment of financial funds in public welfare geological survey and strategic mineral exploration. Incorporate the recurrent expenditure and capital construction funds of public welfare geological work into the provincial financial budget; Actively strive for national capital projects such as national geological survey, central financial subsidies, mineral resources compensation fees, and crisis mine replacement resource exploration; The provincial budget must be matched with funds to support superior minerals, important strategic mineral exploration projects and key geological survey projects; Localized geological prospecting units ensure that a certain proportion of the national geological prospecting fees are used for the preliminary geological work of geological and mineral exploration projects and state-funded projects; The provincial major scientific and technological research projects plan to give appropriate tilt to important geological research projects; Prefecture (city) level finance should also arrange funds to support geological and mineral exploration according to the actual situation in various places.
(2) Actively encourage enterprises and social funds to invest in commercial geological and mineral risk exploration. Under the premise of market mechanism, the government implements preferential policies of mineral resources compensation fee, exploration and mining right use fee, price reduction or credit; Explore the establishment of risk geological exploration funds (for risk exploration of important minerals and continuous resources, technical risk subsidies, interest-free loans, etc.). ) and the implementation of government subsidies (investment loss subsidies, technology development subsidies and supporting subsidies, etc.). ); Support banks and other financial institutions to provide loans, guarantees, investment management, consulting and other financing services for mineral exploration projects and enterprises.
2. Strengthen the planning and management of geological work and maintain the order of geological and mineral exploration and development.
(1) Implement the planning and management of geological and mineral exploration to improve the macro-control ability and level of geological and mineral exploration in the whole province. Through strict planning and management, correctly guide the layout and structural adjustment of geological and mineral exploration, and correctly handle the relationship between public geological survey, strategic mineral exploration and commercial mineral exploration, as well as the relationship between immediate interests and long-term interests. The dominant minerals in this province and the shortage minerals that are expected to form a breakthrough in prospecting should be included in the scope of strategic mineral exploration in principle, and the provincial administrative department of mineral resources should entrust the state-owned geological prospecting units to make overall planning, exploration and management to ensure that the dominant and important mineral resources are effectively protected, rationally explored and utilized.
(2) Strengthen the management and guidance of mining rights market, and constantly improve the working environment of geological and mineral exploration. Improve the market elements of mining rights and promote the construction of tangible market, capital market, intermediary market and public information platform of mining rights; Establish and improve market systems and rules such as mining right evaluation, trading and supervision; Support and cultivate investors in exploration rights, scientifically define the scope of paid transfer of exploration rights, and try to reduce the capital cost and risk of the primary market of exploration rights holders; Strengthen the order of mineral exploration and development and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of prospecting right holders.
3. Support the geological exploration team to deepen reform and build a lean and efficient main force of geological and mineral exploration.
(1) Further implement the spirit of the State Council [1999] No.37, [2003] No.76 and [2003] No.358, and solve the remaining problems of localized geological prospecting units such as infrastructure, housing, wages, retirement and insurance as soon as possible through policy support and financial subsidies to ensure equal treatment with other institutions. Within the scope of national policies and regulations, we will give preferential policies to geological prospecting units in the acquisition, disposal and income of exploration rights and mining rights, give and implement the right of localized geological prospecting units to obtain the exploration rights of mineral exploration projects with national and provincial financial funds and the corresponding disposal, management and income of exploration rights and mining rights on behalf of the provincial government, and encourage geological prospecting units to look for more and better mines.
(2) Geological prospecting units should make full use of various preferential policies, further change their concepts, strengthen the direction of reform, intensify team integration, asset reorganization and structural adjustment, establish a lean and efficient professional geological prospecting team, promote the organic combination and coordinated development of public welfare and commercial geological prospecting, realize the reform goal of geological prospecting team management system, and make greater contributions to the sustainable economic and social development of Hubei.
4. Implementing scientific and technological innovation and talent strategy to promote the sustainable development of geological work.
(1) Promote the breakthrough of geological prospecting with the understanding of exploration theory and the innovation of technical methods. Encourage the popularization and application of new theories, technologies and methods. Guide the transformation of geological prospecting from focusing on analytical thinking to combining analysis, coordination and comprehensive thinking, and from special technology and conventional observation to composite technology, high-precision sounding and automatic observation, so as to realize the breakthrough of multidisciplinary comprehensive cross-innovation. Encourage the close combination of geological scientific research and geological exploration, and put the starting point and end result of research work on improving the efficiency and effect of geological work practice.
(2) through the breakthrough of metallurgical processing technology, increase the exploration demand for available mineral resources. Support the technical research of minerals with great application potential and good resource prospects, such as sedimentary iron ore, silver-vanadium ore, fine disseminated primary gold sulfide ore, titanium (rutile) ore, selenium ore, low-grade collophanite, low-grade manganese ore and medium-low-grade pyrite, and strive for breakthroughs, thus driving the corresponding mineral exploration work.
(3) Applying information technology to promote the modernization of geological and mineral exploration. Further improve and maintain the province's geoscience database, accelerate the construction of the province's geoscience information system and the application and development of geoscience data, gradually realize the informationization of the main processes from field observation and data collection to indoor research, and promote the modernization of geological and mineral exploration.
(4) Ensure the sustainable development of geological and mineral exploration with excellent professionals. The key to the development of geology and mineral resources lies in talents. We should attach great importance to the cultivation of talents, especially scientific and technological management talents, establish an effective incentive mechanism for talents, enhance the enthusiasm and creativity of scientific and technological personnel, and prevent team instability and brain drain.
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Jinsong, China Geo University (Wuhan), Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, professor-level senior engineer.