The development of civil aviation in China has mainly gone through four stages:
The first stage (1949-1978):
1949165438+12 October, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting decided to set up the Civil Aviation Administration under the leadership of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission and the guidance of the Air Force. 1On October 9th, General Manager of China Airlines 165438+ Liu Jingyi and General Manager of Central Airlines Chen Zhuolin led a glorious uprising in Hong Kong, and led 12 plane back to Beijing and Tianjin, which provided a certain material and technical force for the civil aviation construction in new China. 1950 when the new China civil aviation was established, there were only over 30 small planes, the annual passenger traffic was only 10000, and the total transportation turnover was only1570,000 ton-km.
1958 on February 27th, the State Council informed that from now on, the Civil Aviation Administration of China will be placed under the leadership of the Ministry of Communications. 1958 March19, the State Council Notice: At the 95th meeting in the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the State Council was approved to change the Civil Aviation Administration of China into a bureau directly under the Ministry of Communications.
1960165438+1October 17. After discussion in principle by the the State Council Municipal Organization Establishment Committee, it was decided to rename the Civil Aviation Administration of China as the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Communications. It is the general administration of civil aviation in China, subordinate to the first level, responsible for the management of transport aviation and professional aviation, and directly leads the work of regional civil aviation bureaus.
1April, 1962 13, the 53rd meeting of the second NPC Standing Committee decided to rename the Civil Aviation Administration of China "CAAC".
1962 On April 15, the central government decided to change the CAAC from the Ministry of Communications to the bureau directly under the State Council, and its business work, party and government work, cadre and personnel work, etc. Directly managed by the air force. During this period, due to several changes in the leadership system of civil aviation, the development of air transport was greatly influenced by politics and economy. 1978, the number of air passengers was only 23 1 10,000, and the total transportation turnover was 300 million kilometers.
The second stage (1978-1987):
109, Comrade Deng Xiaoping instructed to manage civil aviation from an economic perspective. 1980 February 14, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "Civil aviation must be commercialized". On March 5 of the same year, the China government decided to separate civil aviation from the military establishment, and changed the Civil Aviation Administration of China from being subordinate to the Air Force to being directly under the State Council, and implemented enterprise management. During this period, the Civil Aviation Administration of China was the government department in charge of civil aviation affairs, and it was a national enterprise directly engaged in air transport and general aviation business in the name of "China Civil Aviation (CAAC)". There are six regional administrative agencies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Lanzhou (later moved to Xi) and Shenyang. 1980, there were only 140 transport planes in the whole civil aviation, and most of them were Soviet-style Il-14 and Li -2 aircraft made in 1950s or 40s, with only twenty or forty passengers, and only 17 medium and large aircraft carried passengers 100. There are only 79 airports. 1980, the annual passenger traffic of China civil aviation was only 3.43 million passengers; The total annual transportation turnover was 429 million tons kilometers, ranking 35th in the world's civil aviation, second only to Singapore, India, the Philippines and Indonesia.
The third stage (1987 -2002):
1987, China government decided to reform the civil aviation industry, which is characterized by the separation of airlines and airports. The main content is to separate the air transport and general aviation-related businesses, assets and personnel of the former Civil Aviation Administration of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi, Chengdu and Shenyang, and set up six national backbone airlines to operate independently, be responsible for their own profits and losses and compete on an equal footing. The backbone airlines of these six countries are: China International Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Southwest China Airlines, Northwest China Airlines and China Northern Airlines. In addition, China General Airlines, which is mainly engaged in general aviation business and concurrently engaged in air transportation business, was also established in July. 1989.
While establishing backbone airlines, on the basis of the original airports where Beijing Administration Bureau, Shanghai Administration Bureau, Guangzhou Administration Bureau, Chengdu Administration Bureau, Xi 'an Administration Bureau and Shenyang Administration Bureau are located, six regional administrations of civil aviation in North China, East China, Central South, Southwest China, Northwest China and Northeast China were established, as well as Beijing Capital Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, Chengdu Shuangliu Airport, Xi 'an Xiguan Airport (now moved to Xi 'an Xianyang Airport) and Shenyang Taoxian Airport. The six regional administrations are not only government departments and enterprises that manage regional civil aviation affairs, but also lead and manage civil aviation provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) bureaus and airports.
The air transport service guarantee system has also been reformed according to the requirements of specialized division of labor. 1990, China aviation fuel corporation was established on the basis of the original civil aviation fuel supply departments at all levels, specializing in aviation fuel supply guarantee business. The company supplies fuel to airlines through its branches at various airports. Units of this nature include China Aviation Equipment Company, which is engaged in the import and export business of aviation equipment (aircraft, engines, etc.). ); The computer information center is engaged in the management and development of the national computer reservation and sales system; An aviation settlement center that provides international settlement services for airlines; And aircraft maintenance companies, aviation food companies, etc.
1993 On April19, the Civil Aviation Administration of China was renamed as the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China, directly under the State Council. 12 On February 20th, the organizational specification of CAAC was changed from vice ministerial level to full ministerial level.
In the past 20 years, the total turnover, passenger volume and freight volume of civil aviation transportation in China have increased by 18%, 16% and 16% respectively, which is more than twice the world average. In 2002, the total transportation turnover of civil aviation industry was 16.