Speaking of the file name under the Windows work interface, it is simply arbitrary, such as the work plan of an editorial department in 2000. The file name can be directly expressed in Chinese, with a maximum length of 256 characters, which makes people look really clear at a glance. However, in the Windows environment, there are many file names like CALENDAR.EXE and Game. GRP etc. are in the installed software. Why? It turns out that these file names are based on the naming rules of file names in DOS environment.
File name in DOS environment
Under DOS, the file name adopts 8+3 structure, that is, the longest 8 digits in the file name are separated by decimal points, and then the longest 3-digit suffix, such as READ, is added. Me and SETUP.EXE. Chinese characters are generally not allowed in the file name, which can only be composed of letters, numbers and some symbols. For example, reading. ME is understood as "read me" in Chinese, which means to prompt users to read the contents of this file before using the software to get more prompt information. More importantly, DOS stipulates the use of suffixes to distinguish different files.
Executable files are the most easily encountered under DOS, and there are two suffixes: *. Exe and *. Com (where * stands for any file name) is a program written in assembly language or other high-level languages and a file that runs directly under DOS. Sometimes, due to many software functions and small memory, it is impossible to transfer all of them into memory at once. There may also be ovl files with the same name, such as ws.exe and ws.ovl, and there is another file that can be directly run. Bat, a batch file, contains the names of many commands or executable files, which are mainly used to improve work efficiency. The most useful file is Autoexec.bat, which will be automatically executed after opening (automatic execution is English automatic execution). Another file that can be loaded but not directly run is the system extension management file *. Sys (system) mainly provides drivers for some nonstandard devices such as mouse, extended memory, etc. For unified management, a text file of config.sys is specially designated, and these necessary device drivers are automatically loaded at startup. Once these files are deleted or renamed by mistake or attacked by viruses, the system will work abnormally directly.
Files generated by word processing in DOS can be generated without suffix, but people often use *. Txt to represent it (txt is text). Supported by all platforms and all applications. For the convenience of management, people can also use their own names as suffixes to indicate that they have created their own text files. For example, many articles I input are *.mcj. In order to facilitate users to restore the original files as soon as possible in the case of deleting the original files by mistake, many word processing systems provide automatic backup functions. For example, when I edited Ji Hua. The second MCJ (Plan Hanyu Pinyin), the system will first copy an original file as a plan. When using word processing software with special format functions, such as WPS introduced by Mr. Qiu Bojun in his early years, its suffix will be designated as. WPS to identify the text file generated by wps. When editing high-level language programs with word processing software, the suffix is usually the first three letters of the corresponding language (for example, *). BAS is the source program of BASIC language. PAS is a PASCAL language program. FOR is a Fortran language program. C is a C language program, and *. ASM is an assembly language program). The following types of files are usually attached to executable files: *. HLP is a help file. CFG is the configuration file. DAT is a data file. LOG is a log file, and *. TMP is a temporary file.
File name in Windows environment
Most DOS file name suffixes continue to be valid under Windows, but Windows itself has also led to many brand-new suffixes. For example, *. Drv is a device driver. Fon and *. Fot is a font file. Grp is a group file. Ini is an initialization information file. Pif is the file format required for executable files in DOS environment to execute under Windows and *. Crd is a card file. . Rec stands for record macro file, *. Wri means text file, which was generated by write.exe Word Processing Company. Doc and *. Rtf is also a text file, which is generated by word. Cal stands for calendar file. Clp represents the file format in the clipboard. Htm and *. Html means home page file.
After the image file name suffix enters the multimedia world, you will see all kinds of wonderful pictures and find many suffixes. Indeed, due to the self-made standards of various companies when developing graphics-related software, there are too many formats in graphics today. The following are common formats:
The first is bitmap file format, which is an image composed of a group of points (pixels), generated by an image program or created when scanning an image. There are mainly Windows bitmaps (. BMP): Developed by Microsoft, supported by Windows and Windows NT platforms and many applications. Resource file format supporting 32-bit color is used to create icons for Windows interface. CUR，。 DLL，。 EXE: resource file format, used to create cursor for Windows interface. OS/2 bitmap (. BMP): bitmap file format development BMP): Microsoft and IBM. It is supported by various operating systems and applications. Supports compression, and the maximum image pixel is 64000×64000. Brush (. PCX): Introduced by Zsoft Company, it also compresses image data, which can be generated by PCX. Window brush. Support 24-bit color, and the maximum image pixel is 64000×64000. Support compression. Graphic interchange format. GIF): (Graphics Intercharge Format): Created by CompuseServe, it can support pictures of any size, save storage space through compression, and can also store multiple pictures in one file. Support 256 colors, and the maximum image pixel is 64000×64000.
Kodak photo CD (. PCD): Bitmap file format developed by Eastman Kodak and supported by all platforms. PCD supports 24-bit color, and the maximum image pixel is 2048×3072, which is used to save photos on CD.
Adobe Photoshop(。 PSD): The bitmap file format of Adobe Photoshop is supported by Macintosh and MS Windows platforms. The maximum image pixel is 30000×30000, which supports compression and is widely used in commercial art.
Macintosh painting (. MAC): Bitmap file format developed by Apple. Macintosh platform supports only monochrome original images, and the maximum image pixel is 576×720. Support compression, mainly used to save black and white graphics and clip art in Macintosh graphics applications.
Postscript name of animation file
The animation file format is used to save the graphic information contained in the animation frame. Mainly includes: Autodesk FLC (. FLC): That is. FLI, Autodesk Animator and AnimatorPro animation file formats. Support 256 colors, the maximum image pixel is 64000×64000, and support compression. It is widely used in animation sequence, computer aided design and animation graphics application in computer games. Image animation that is not suitable for the real world.
MacPICTS(。 PCS，。 Pic):Macintosh applications use the animation file format developed by Macromedia. Support for 256 colors, support for compression, used to save animation data, is the predecessor of Quick Time.
Microsoft resource exchange file format. AVD): an animation file format developed by Microsoft, which is supported by Windows, Windows NT platform and OS/2 multimedia applications, supports 256 colors and compression, and is used to save audio, video and graphic information in multimedia applications.
MPEG(。 MPEG: An animation file format developed by the moving picture expert group of the International Organization for Standardization. It supports all platforms, MPEG players and other applications, and supports compression. The maximum image pixels are 4095×4094×30 frames per second. Used to encode audio, video, text and graphic data.
Quicktime(。 Qtm): An animation file format developed by Apple Computer Company. It supports Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows platforms, supports 25-bit color, and the maximum image pixel is 64,000× 64,000, which supports compression and is used to save audio and sports video information.
Suffix name of sound file
Sound file format is used to save digital audio information. They mainly include:
AIFF(。 AIF): This is a sound file format developed by Apple Computer Company and supported by Macintosh platforms and applications. Support compression.
Amiga sound (. SVX): The sound file format developed by Commodore is supported by the Amiga platform and application, and does not support compression.
MAC sound (. Snd): The sound file format developed by Apple Computer Company supports Macintosh platform and various Macintosh applications, and supports partial compression.
MIDI(。 MID): A sound file format developed by MIDI International Association, supported by Windows platform and many applications, is used to create digital sounds for musical instruments.
Sound blaster (. Voc): A sound file format developed by Creative Labs, which is supported by Windows and DOS platforms and supports compression.
Wave (. Wav): A resource format used by Microsoft to save audio information on the Windows platform.
Suffix name of compressed file
In order to improve storage efficiency, many companies have introduced data compression methods and corresponding software. The use of such files is mainly through the software of package compression and unpacking. The main suffixes are:? arj 、*rar 、*。 lzh 、*。 Jars. There are also some special compressed files, such as *. ex_，*。 dl_，*.d3_，*。 Taxi, etc.
The suffix name of the database class file.
In the environment of Dbase, FoxBase and Foxpro series software, there are the following suffixes:
. Dbf database file). Prg command file (i.e. program).
. Fxp compiler. Scx and. Sct screen file
. Fpt memo field file. Frx and. Frt report file
. Cbx and. Pjt label file. Mnx and. Mnt menu file.
. Pjx and. Engineering documents. Application file
. Cdx and. Idx index file. Qpr and. SQL query file.
. Fp configuration file. Ap generation application
. Err compilation error file. Male memory application
. Fky key macro file. Win window file
. Pcb library file temporary file
. Tbk temporary database file
postscript
Users should pay attention to the different conventions of suffix names under different operating systems. For example, under Unix, *. P stands for Pascal language program. Z stands for compressed file, and * stands for compressed file. Tar stands for archive file. In addition, for extremely special equipment, its driver will also have a special suffix. For example, the driver of 3DS graphics card is *.exp, and some companies have specified the file name suffix for their products. For example, Founder's image typesetting file specifies *. Grh (also known as Graph)
The suffix of a file name represents a certain type of file, which is usually generated and processed by some software. Only when you have a certain understanding of these suffixes can you know why in the process of getting on the computer. Here, I show you some common suffix types. In fact, there are many kinds and it is impossible to finish them all. In the future, let's turn around and see for ourselves in the computer world.
A complete set of file suffixes
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Extended dictionary
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