Chinese name: maltitol
English name: maltitol
Si Nuo. : 585-88-6
Molecular formula: C 12H24O 1 1.
Molecular weight: 344.3 1
Purity: > 98.0% (gas chromatography)
Grade: EP maltitol MDLNo. :MFCD00006600
physiological characteristic
Non-corrosive: Maltitol is not an acid-producing substrate and hardly causes bacteria to synthesize insoluble polysaccharides, so maltitol is a new type of non-corrosive sugar which is extremely difficult to form dental caries. Maltitol promotes calcium absorption: Animal experiments show that maltitol can promote calcium absorption in intestine, increase bone mass and strengthen bone strength.
Does not stimulate the secretion of insulin: Maltitol is difficult to digest and absorb, and the blood sugar level rises less, which does not stimulate the secretion of insulin necessary for glucose metabolism, thus reducing the secretion of insulin. Therefore, maltitol can be used as a sweetener for diabetic patients.
Inhibition of excessive accumulation of body fat: If high fat and sugar are ingested at the same time, it is easy to increase the accumulation of body fat due to the stimulation of insulin secretion and the increase of lipoprotein decomposition enzyme activity. If maltitol is used instead of sugar to make high-fat foods such as ice cream, cake and chocolate, it can be expected to reduce the excessive accumulation of fat in the body because it will not stimulate insulin secretion.
Indigestibility: Maltitol can hardly be decomposed into saliva, gastric juice and intestinal membrane enzymes in human body, and the rest can not be digested and excreted except for a part that can be utilized by intestinal bacteria.
About 10% maltitol in human body is decomposed and absorbed by small intestine and used as energy. The remaining 90% is decomposed into short-chain fatty acids under the action of bacteria in the large intestine, and the rest is absorbed by the large intestine for energy. Therefore, by adding the absorption of maltitol in small intestine and the absorption of short-chain fatty acids in large intestine, the calorie value of maltitol can be calculated to be about 2 keal/g.
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manufacturing technique
Maltitol is a disaccharide alcohol made from maltose by hydrogenation and reduction. In industry, its production process can be divided into two parts. The first part is the hydrolysis of starch to produce high maltose syrup, and the second part is the hydrogenation and reduction of maltose syrup to produce maltitol. The whole technological process of maltitol: starch mixing (concentration 10% ~ 20%, pH 5.8 ~ 6.0), liquefaction (100℃, DE 10 ~ 12), saccharification (45 ~ 50℃, and saccharification). 20 ~ 25 rpm), pressure filtration, ion exchange (flow rate 700kg/h, 40cI= about), vacuum concentration (0.086 ~ 0.092 8Mpa, 50 ~ 53 ~ c), high malt syrup, stock solution preparation (concentration12% ~1)
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Syrup preparation
(1) Sizing: firstly, add a certain amount of water into the sizing tank, start the agitator, and gradually add starch to make the starch into starch emulsion with the concentration of 10% ~ 20%, and fully stir it during powder mixing to prevent caking. After starch is fully mixed, add about 0. 1% soda maltitol, adjust pH to 6.0 ~ 6.4, add 0.2% ~ 0.5% (for starch) calcium chloride to improve amylase activity, and stir evenly.
(2) Liquefaction: This procedure is very important to improve the yield of maltose, and should be strictly operated. Pump the prepared starch emulsion into the storage tank, the dosage of D- amylase is calculated as 5U/g starch, and IO0~C is liquefied to DE value 1o ~ 12. At the same time, immediately raise the temperature to above 100℃, keep it for 5 minutes, and inactivate the enzyme at high temperature. The starch liquefied liquid after high temperature treatment has good dispersibility and is not easy to coagulate, which is beneficial to saccharification operation.
(3) Saccharification: cooling the liquefied matter to 45-50℃, adjusting the pH to 5.8-6.0, adding isoamylase 20U/g starch and fresh bran, 13 mono-amylase 10U/g starch, and saccharifying for 30-40h to obtain 80%-95% and 5%-650%.
(4) Filter pressing: Its function is to remove impurities in saccharified liquid and ensure the smooth progress of subsequent processes. Filter pressing with a plate-and-frame filter press, and using diatomite or crushed nacre powder as a filter aid until a clear filtrate is obtained.
(5) Decolorization: 0.5 ~ 1.0% of the dry matter of the filtrate is added with powdered activated carbon, and the activated carbon is mixed with the same amount of filtrate before adding, so that the activated carbon can be easily mixed. Decolorization operation conditions: pH 4.5 ~ 5.0, 80℃, 30min, stirring at the speed of 20 ~ 25 rpm, and then using diatomite as filter aid (the dosage is 0.3 ~ 0.5kg/m2), press-filtering with a plate-and-frame filter press. Firstly, use a small amount of saccharified liquid to evenly mix the silicomaltitol algae soil, then pump it into the filter, and the pressure is required to be below 0.65438±0 MPa, so that diatomite can be evenly deposited on the surface of the filter, and the filtered filtrate will start to be unclear, then return to the decoloring tank until the liquid is clear, then close the reflux pipe and send the filtrate to the storage tank, and the filtration pressure should be controlled at 0.2 ~ 0.3 MPa.
(6) Ion exchange: impurities such as metal ions, ionic pigments and residual soluble nitrogen-containing substances in the filtrate can be removed by ion exchange, which can further improve the purity and thermal stability of sugar solution and make it colorless and transparent. Ion exchange process: saccharification liquid-column-column-column-column. Choose strong acidic cation resin and strong alkaline anion resin. Before use, the ionic resin is soaked and expanded, and then put into anion column and cation column respectively, and can be used after acid washing, alkali washing and water separation. During the exchange, the flow rate is controlled at about 700kg/h and the temperature is controlled at about 40℃. The service life of resin depends on the impurity content in syrup, and the high impurity quality has a short service life.
(7) vacuum concentration: the vacuum degree is maintained at 0.086-0.092 MPa, the sugar solution temperature is about 50-53℃, the vacuum degree is not lower than 0.066MPa, and the steam pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.3 MPa. Concentrate until the solid content is 40-60%, stop cooking and exhaust, which can be used as raw material for preparing maltitol.
Preparation of maltitol. Under alkaline conditions, nickel catalyst was added according to 8% of starch input, and colorless pure high maltose syrup with solid content of 40% ~ 60% was obtained. Hydrogen gas of 5 ~ 18 MPa was introduced into the autoclave, and under this condition, maltose began to absorb H for hydrogenation reaction. After hydrogenation, maltitol solution was obtained. Then the catalyst in the sugar solution is removed by filtration, and then treated with activated carbon and ion exchange (the operation requirements and steps are the same as above), so that the clarified maltitol can be obtained. Finally, maltitol syrup or granular products can be made by vacuum concentration, spray drying and other processes.
Maltitol has a high melting point and can be dried at a higher temperature. However, due to the high viscosity of maltitol, it must be dried immediately, so it can be produced by full crystallization process, that is, liquid maltitol can be used as raw material to produce powdery solid products by spray drying in molten state.
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development prospect
With the improvement of people's health care awareness and the increasingly prominent problems of modern diseases such as obesity and diabetes, the demand for various sugar alcohols with high safety, good taste, no dental caries and no influence on blood sugar level will be increasing, and the research, development and application of maltitol will be paid more and more attention, and the market prospect is very broad.
Although maltitol is widely used abroad, its application and development in China is late, and it needs to be imported from abroad in the early stage, and its price is very high, which affects the development and application of maltitol as a functional sweetener. At present, China has been officially put into production, with an annual output of 5,000 tons. Italy, Japan, France, the United States and other countries mainly produce maltitol abroad. Because of its unique functional characteristics, its products have been in short supply, and Japan's development in this field is relatively leading, so the market prospect of this project is broad.
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physicochemical property
(1) Maltitol is soluble in water.
(2) Maltitol has the same sweetness as sucrose, with mild sweetness and no peculiar smell.
(3) Maltitol has obvious hygroscopicity and can be used as a humectant for various foods or to prevent sucrose from crystallizing.
(4) Maltitol is not easy to be used by mold, yeast and lactic acid bacteria, which can prevent dental caries.
(5) Maltitol is difficult to digest and metabolize in animals, and it is a good low-energy sweetener.
(6) When the human body ingests maltitol, the blood sugar will not rise rapidly and will not stimulate insulin secretion.
(7) The role of maltitol in diet Maltitol is not only low in calories, but also can inhibit the storage of fat in human body.
(8) Maltitol has emulsifying stability and can be used as a fat substitute to produce low-calorie food, which tastes like fat.
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Major producer of maltitol
After decades of development, maltitol industry has formed a global market competition pattern with Shandong Futian as the first echelon, Longli, Baolingbao, Kang Hua and Lvjian as the second echelon, and other small and medium-sized enterprises as the third echelon.
Among them, Shandong Futian Science and Technology Group, headquartered in Qingdao, is a large-scale high-tech industrial group that comprehensively develops and utilizes non-grain raw materials such as corncob, sugarcane ear, straw and papermaking wastewater. It consists of Shandong Futian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shandong Futian Sugar Alcohol Co., Ltd. and Shandong Mifutang Food Co., Ltd., and has several R&D and production bases in Qingdao, Yucheng, Dingtao and Hebei.
Shandong Futian Science and Technology Group was established in 199 1. After 20 years of struggle, it has developed into a global functional sugar industry giant, a leading functional sugar enterprise in China, a national key high-tech enterprise, a pillar functional sugar enterprise in China, a national biotechnology industry backbone enterprise, and the largest functional sugar alcohol production base in China, with high recognition in the field of global food additives and ingredients.
Shandong Futian Science and Technology Group has built a unique "circular economy industrial chain" with corn cob, sugarcane ear, straw, papermaking wastewater and other non-grain raw materials. Based on the concept of public health, products such as xylose, xylitol, L- arabinose, other rare sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, polyols and clean energy produced from waste can be outsourced, and starch sugar alcohols such as maltitol and erythritol are also taken into account. . The products produced by the group sell well in more than 30 countries and regions around the world, and now it has established close strategic cooperative relations with dozens of well-known enterprise groups at home and abroad, such as Nestle, Cadbury, Mars, Sumitomo, Yinlu, Yili and Mengniu.
Shandong Futian Science and Technology Group has always adhered to the corporate mission of "making people healthier and the world better", devoted itself to the research and innovation of functional sugar industry, and established close cooperative relations with Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Peking University and Tsinghua University. It has national recognized enterprise technology center, Shandong Xylitol Research Institute (the only one in China), national xylose (alcohol) analysis and testing center, national sugar engineering technology research center, renewable resources utilization technology laboratory, provincial polyol laboratory and other scientific research platforms. It has successively won the honorary titles of "Top 20 Enterprises in Starch Sugar Industry in China", "Top 500 Enterprises in Light Industry in China", "Excellent Enterprise in Food Industry in China", "National Food Safety Demonstration Unit", "National Pilot Enterprise of Circular Economy in Fermentation Industry", "China Famous Brand", "Shandong Famous Export Brand" and "Shandong Inspection Free Product".
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Food application
Application of (1) in functional food
Maltitol is hardly decomposed in the body, so it can be used as a food raw material for diabetics and obese patients. See table 1 for the recipe of low-calorie cream cake.
(2) Cakes containing maltitol used in candy and chocolate production can be used to make various candies, including foamed cotton candy, hard candy and transparent soft candy, because maltitol has good flavor and taste, good moisture retention and non-crystallinity. Now, the formula of maltitol used to make candy is shown in Table 2.
(3) Application in fruit juice beverage
Maltitol has a certain viscosity and is difficult to ferment. Therefore, when making suspended fruit juice drinks or lactic acid drinks, adding maltitol instead of some sugar can make the drinks full and smooth.
(4) Application in frozen food
The use of maltitol in ice cream can make the product delicate and thick, sweet and delicious, and prolong the shelf life.
Maltitol, as a food additive, is allowed to be used in cold drinks, cakes, fruit juice, biscuits, bread, pickles and sweets, and the dosage can be determined according to production needs.
Sugar-free cakes, also known as healthy cakes, will not be directly converted into ingredients that raise blood sugar. They are low in calories and calories, and are suitable for everyone, especially patients and people who are afraid of getting fat.
1. Formula for producing low-calorie cream cake with maltitol
Unit: gram
Low-calorie formula, accurate ingredients
Cake 1000
Maltitol -500
Cream 1000 500
Sugar 1000 600
Eggs 1000
Baking powder 1000
Proper amount of vanillin
Second, the formula of producing fruity chewing gum with maltitol
Unit: mass fraction%
Ingredients Formula 1 Formula 2
Crystalline maltitol -76.7
Liquid maltitol 8 1.25—
Hydrogenated vegetable oil 8.62 10.74
Lecithin 0.25 0.3 1
Colloidal base material 8.63 10.74
Citric acid 0.95 1.23
The taste of strawberry is 0. 15 0. 19.
0.07-0.09 of natural pigment
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Health welfare
Will not produce tooth decay-maltitol, like other polyols, is not conducive to the bacteria in the mouth to ferment and produce acid to form tooth cavities or erode enamel, leading to tooth decay. FDA has approved maltitol sugar-free food to use the "no tooth decay" sign.
maltitol
* Its sweetness is equivalent to sucrose.
* Low calorie sweetener: 2. 1 calorie/gram.
* Suitable for all kinds of low-calorie, low-fat and sugar-free foods.
* Especially suitable for chocolate food.
* Because it does not affect the rise of blood sugar and insulin levels, it is beneficial to diabetics.
* No tooth decay.
Suitable for diabetic patients.
Controlling blood sugar, blood lipid and body weight are the three main goals of diabetes management. Maltitol is absorbed slowly, so when maltitol is used, the insulin required due to the increase of blood sugar will be greatly reduced. Maltitol is low in calories, which is beneficial to weight loss (calories 2. 1 calorie/gram, sucrose 4.0 calories/gram). Using maltitol instead of sucrose can produce a variety of sugar-free and low-calorie foods for diabetic patients.
safe
FDA thinks maltitol can be used safely. It is specified that maltitol can be added to hard candy 99.5%, cough syrup 99%, soft candy 85%, chewing gum 75%, non-standard jam 55% and biscuit and sponge cake 30%.
As a safe food ingredient, maltitol has been used in various human and animal products. The World Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization and the Professional Committee of Food Additives recognize its safety, and there is no regulation on its daily use.