1. Visualization
Visualization is a form of "what you see is what you get". For the construction industry, the real application of visualization is very important in the construction industry. For example, the construction drawings that are often obtained are only expressed by lines on the drawings, and the real structural form needs to be imagined by participants in the construction industry. For simple things, this kind of imagination is not bad, but in recent years, the architectural forms of the construction industry are different, and complex shapes are constantly being introduced. It is a bit unrealistic to imagine things only by the human brain. Therefore, BIM provides a visual idea for people to form a three-dimensional physical figure in front of people from the previous linear components; There are also renderings in the design of construction industry, but this kind of renderings is designed and produced by subcontracting the line information to the professional renderings production team, which is not automatically generated by the information of components and lacks interaction and feedback between the same components. The visualization mentioned by BIM is a visualization that can form interaction and feedback between the same components. In the BIM building information model, because the whole process is visual, the visual results can not only be used to show renderings and generate reports, but more importantly, the communication, discussion and decision-making in the process of project design, construction and operation are all carried out in a visual state.
2. Coordination (coordination)
This aspect is the key content in the construction industry. No matter the construction unit, the owner and the design unit, they are all doing the work of coordination. Once problems are encountered in the project implementation, all relevant personnel should be organized to hold a coordination meeting to find out the causes and solutions of various construction problems, and then modify them and take corresponding remedial measures to solve the problems. So the coordination of this problem can only be coordinated after the problem occurs? In the design, due to the poor communication between professional designers, there are often collision problems between professional designers. For example, in the pipeline layout of HVAC and other majors, because the construction drawings are drawn on their own construction drawings, in the actual construction process, there may be structural design beams and other components that hinder the pipeline layout. This is the collision problem often encountered in construction. Can the coordinated solution of this kind of collision problem be solved only after the problem appears? The coordination service of BIM can help to deal with this problem, that is to say, BIM building information model can coordinate the collision problems of various professions in the early stage of building construction, generate coordinated data and provide them. Of course, the coordination function of BIM is not only to solve the collision problem between different majors, but also to solve the coordination problem between elevator shaft layout and other design layouts, clearance requirements, fire zone and other design layouts, underground drainage layout and other design layouts.
3. Simulation (simulation)
Simulation is not only to simulate the designed building model, but also to simulate things that cannot be operated in the real world. In the design stage, BIM can simulate some things that need to be simulated in design, such as energy saving simulation, emergency evacuation simulation, sunshine simulation, heat conduction simulation and so on. In the bidding construction stage, 4D simulation (three-dimensional model plus project development time) can be carried out, that is, the actual construction can be simulated according to the construction organization design, so as to determine a reasonable construction scheme to guide the construction. At the same time, it can also carry out 5D simulation (cost control based on 3D model) to realize cost control; In the later operation stage, the daily emergency treatment methods can be simulated, such as earthquake personnel escape simulation and firefighters evacuation simulation.
4. Optimality
In fact, the whole process of design, construction and operation is a process of continuous optimization. Of course, there is no essential connection between optimization and BIM, but we can do better optimization and better optimization on the basis of BIM. Optimization is restricted by three factors: information, complexity and time. Without accurate information, it is impossible to make reasonable optimization results. BIM model provides information about the actual existence of the building, including geometric information, physical information and rule information, and also provides the actual existence of the changed building. The complexity is so high that participants themselves can't master all the information, and they must rely on the help of certain science and technology and equipment. The complexity of modern architecture mostly exceeds the capacity limit of the participants themselves. BIM and its supporting optimization tools make it possible to optimize complex projects. Optimization based on BIM can do the following work:
(1) project scheme optimization: combining project design with return on investment analysis, the impact of design change on return on investment can be calculated in real time; In this way, the owner's choice of design scheme will not mainly stay on the evaluation of appearance, but more can let the owner know which project design scheme is more conducive to his own needs.
(2) Design optimization of special projects: such as podium, curtain wall, roof and large space can be seen everywhere. These contents seem to account for a small proportion of the whole building, but the proportion of input and workload is often much larger than the former, and they are usually places with great construction difficulties and many construction problems. Optimizing the design and construction scheme of these contents can bring about significant improvement in construction period and cost.
5. Drawability
BIM is not for drawing architectural design drawings and some common component processing drawings of architectural design institutes. But through the visual display, coordination, simulation and optimization of the building, it can help the owner draw the following drawings:
(l) Comprehensive pipeline diagram (after collision inspection and design modification, corresponding errors are eliminated);
(2) comprehensive structure hole diagram (embedded casing diagram);
(3) Collision inspection and debugging report and improvement suggestions.
From the above, we can get a general understanding of the relevant contents of BIM. BIM has a relatively mature BIM standard or system in many countries in the world. In order to develop BIM in China construction market smoothly, it is necessary to combine BIM with the characteristics of domestic construction market to meet the characteristic demand of domestic construction market, which will bring great changes to domestic construction industry.
Step 6 synthesize
Based on BIM technology, the whole life cycle of a project from design to construction to operation can be managed in an integrated way. The technical core of BIM is a database formed by a three-dimensional computer model, which contains not only the design information of buildings, but also the whole process information from design to completion and even the end of the service cycle.
7. Parameterization
Parametric modeling refers to the establishment and analysis of models through parameters rather than numbers, and a new model can be established and analyzed only by changing the parameter values in the model; In BIM, primitives appear in the form of components, and the differences between these components are reflected by adjusting parameters, and all the information of primitives is saved as digital building components.
8. Information integrity
The completeness of information lies in that BIM technology can describe the three-dimensional geometric information and topological relationship of engineering objects and complete engineering information.