Under the promotion and influence of reformists such as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, newspapers and periodicals all over the country have mushroomed. Most of these newspapers and periodicals belong to private enterprises.
After the failure of reform, most revolutionary newspapers and periodicals were published by private publishing institutions.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the educational reform of the Qing government also promoted the development and growth of private publishing houses.
(2) China's famous private publishing institutions in modern times:
Commercial press
Zhonghua book company
World bookstore