Power selling companies can be traced back to19th century. Due to the arrival of the electric energy era, the electricity sales business has developed rapidly. In most countries, the electricity sales business is still owned by state monopoly enterprises or organizations, and power customers buy electricity from these monopoly enterprises. At the end of the 20th century, the United States, Britain, New Zealand and other countries opened their electricity sales business one after another, giving full play to the role of competition in the electricity market. There are electricity selling companies in the electricity market.
Please ignore some institutional differences. The electricity market reform in China can be traced back to 2002 at the earliest. After 10 years of industry adjustment, the pattern of separation of power generation and transmission and separation of main and auxiliary parts has been realized, which laid the foundation for the marketization of power trading. In 20 15, the State Council promulgated "Several Conditions for Further Deepening the Reform of Power System", which started a new round of power system reform. The theme revolves around electricity price reform, power grid independence, and electricity sales side liberalization. On March 20 16, State Grid and China Southern Power Grid set up Beijing and Guangzhou power trading centers respectively to organize market activities such as registration of power sales companies and various power transactions. After that, the provinces set up provincial power trading centers to assist Beijing and Guangzhou power trading centers to carry out power trading market activities.
Starting from the market access of Guangdong 13 electricity sales companies in March, 20 16, electricity sales companies have mushroomed all over the country, and the number of registered electricity sales companies in China has rapidly increased from 296 in 20 16 to nearly 10,000 at present. However, in fact, only 204 companies can trade in the electricity market after being registered in the market (data comes from Polaris power grid). With the lowering or cancellation of the access threshold for industrial users in the electricity sales market in various provinces, the number of power user enterprises, which are an indispensable part of the market, has surged, and some provinces have even liberalized all access for commercial users except guaranteed electricity consumption, further activating the market, stimulating the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the reform of the electricity sales side, and further intensifying market competition.
At present, China's electricity trading modes are basically divided into wholesale trading and retail trading, among which wholesale trading can be divided into annual bilateral trading and monthly centralized bidding trading.
In the annual transaction, the electricity sales company and the power generation enterprise determine the contract through online consultation and submit it to the trading center, which approves the transaction application through the safety check of the declared electricity quantity.
In the monthly transaction, the bidding transaction issues a centralized bidding transaction announcement through the trading center, and the power sales company and the power generation enterprise report the electricity and electricity price data to the trading center respectively, and the trading center organizes centralized matching, and conducts matching transactions according to the price difference from high to low to obtain a unified clearing price; And conduct a security check to complete the transaction.
There are many trading methods between power selling companies and users, including fixed price difference, direct share, guaranteed price or share, guaranteed price plus share, guaranteed price plus fixed price difference, and fixed preferential access mode.
The types of power selling companies are mainly divided into: power selling companies with power grid enterprise background and power selling companies with incremental distribution network management rights; And independent power sales companies;
Each has its own advantages: first, the power sales company with the background of power grid enterprises has independent legal personality, operates independently, and is isolated from power transmission and distribution business, dispatching business and non-market business; In the absence of relative independence of power trading institutions, the power sales companies affiliated to power grid enterprises will not carry out competitive power sales business for the time being. The original capital of this kind of power sales company is power grid assets, which can't be seen from the name, but the market energy is great. Its advantage is that it can get the full support of the power grid company, use the influence of the power grid company to lobby customers and share resources with the power grid company (such as information retrieval of power users, historical electricity consumption data, payment status, etc.). ) with low-cost electricity, you can give users preferential quotations;
2. Power sales companies with the right to operate incremental distribution networks; There are distribution network assets and fixed business areas, which can form gateway measurement and adopt the business model of "gateway measurement+market electricity sales"; The distribution network is released to the third party, and the distribution network fee is charged.
3. Independent electricity sales company: virtual operator, with no distribution network assets and no fixed business area, is engaged in electricity sales and does not undertake guaranteed power supply. The same is true for general enterprises to register electricity sales companies; Registration is not difficult; Personnel requirements 10 professionals, including senior three electrical titles 1 name; The company's assets should reach more than 20 million; As long as you have an actual office address in the local area, our company can provide the above services to solve difficulties and pain points for customers of power sales companies.
Of course, you can say more than what is written above, so I won't write much here.