Establish a perfect irrigation system to keep the buried depth of groundwater below the critical depth. Experts such as v. akovda of the former Soviet Academy of Sciences believe that the average buried depth of mineralized groundwater that may cause soil salinization is 2.5 ~ 3 m, and measures such as leveling the land, ditching, pastoral irrigation, dredging channels and preventing plugging are taken.
Establish a modern drainage system. Horizontal drainage, mainly in the form of open ditches and underground pipes, can not only reduce the groundwater level, but also discharge the salt in the soil; Vertical (vertical) drainage, vertical drainage has the advantages of low price, no land occupation, large amount of water, good water quality, flexible control and adjustment of groundwater level, less maintenance workload and combination with irrigation at the same time. Meihuajing layout is most suitable for vertical shaft setting.
Establish a drainage and irrigation engineering system combining well and canal, and make rational drainage and irrigation. Pumped well irrigation can leach soil salt, reduce groundwater level, increase groundwater storage capacity, and play the role of irrigation, drainage and storage regulation; The combination of well and ditch accelerates the water-salt exchange cycle and desalinates the soil.
Chemical improvement. Some developed countries, such as the United States and Australia, apply chemical modifiers such as gypsum, sulfuric acid and slag (phosphogypsum) to saline soil, especially alkaline soil. Due to different land types, the application amount is also different, and the application time depends on local experience and funds. After applying the improver, it needs to be washed with a lot of water, which is difficult to apply in the absence of water resources and the cost is high. However, with this method, the accumulated water in the soil can be reduced from 379 days to 145 days, and the water seepage can be increased from 292mm to 605 mm Although the cost of chemical improvement is high, it is beneficial from the perspective of economic benefits.
Organic fertilizer. In addition to the harm of salinization, drought and barrenness often restrict the growth of crops, and show a trend of increasing salinization and reducing soil fertility. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, return the straw to the field and turn over the green manure grassland. Using humic acid fertilizer to improve saline-alkali land can achieve good desalination and fertilization effects.