Financing mode
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1. Bank loan. Banks are the main financing channels for enterprises. According to the nature of funds, it is divided into three categories: working capital loans, fixed assets loans and special loans. Special loans usually have specific purposes, and their loan interest rates are generally favorable. Loans are divided into credit loans, secured loans and discounted bills.
2. Stock financing. The stock is permanent, has no expiration date, does not need to be returned, and has no pressure to repay the principal and interest, so the financing risk is small. The stock market can promote enterprises to change their management mechanism and truly become a legal entity and market competition subject with independent operation, self-financing, self-development and self-restraint. At the same time, the stock market provides a broad stage for asset reorganization, optimizes the organizational structure of enterprises and improves the integration ability of enterprises.
3. Bond financing. Corporate bonds, also known as corporate bonds, are securities issued by enterprises in accordance with legal procedures and agreed to repay the principal and interest within a certain period of time, indicating that there is a creditor-debtor relationship between the issuing enterprises and investors. Bondholders do not participate in the operation and management of the enterprise, but have the right to recover the agreed principal and interest on schedule. When an enterprise goes bankrupt and liquidates, creditors have priority over shareholders in claiming compensation for the remaining property of the enterprise. Corporate bonds, like stocks, are securities and can be freely transferred.
4. Financial leasing. Through the combination of financing and finance, financial leasing has the dual functions of finance and trade, and plays a very obvious role in improving the financing efficiency and promoting the technological progress of enterprises. Financial leasing includes direct purchase leasing, after-sale leaseback and leveraged leasing. In addition, there are many forms of leasing, such as the combination of leasing and compensation trade, the combination of leasing and processing and assembly, and the combination of leasing and underwriting. Financial leasing business has opened up a new financing channel for technological transformation of enterprises. Bokai investment adopts a new form of financing and finance, which improves the introduction speed of production equipment and technology, saves the use of funds and improves the utilization rate of funds.
5. Overseas financing. The overseas financing methods available to enterprises include loans from international commercial banks, loans from international financial institutions, and bond and stock financing business of enterprises in major overseas capital markets.
2. What financing channels do commercial factoring companies have?
Commercial factoring companies have the following financing methods for enterprises:
1. financing lease: a financing method in which the leased property is purchased from a supplier and provided to the lessee for use, and the lessee pays the rent in installments within the time limit stipulated in the contract or contract.
2. Bank acceptance bill: apply to the bank to issue a bank acceptance bill, and formally accept the bank acceptance contract after the bank approves it. The acceptance bank should sign the words indicating acceptance or seal on the acceptance bill.
3. Real estate mortgage: mortgaged real estate and other real estate.
4. Equity transfer: introducing new partners through equity transfer. 5. Provide guarantee: reduce the financial pressure of enterprises and improve cash flow. 6. International market development fund: promote and explore emerging markets in the international market. 7. Internet financial platform.
Three financing modes of supply chain finance
The three traditional forms of supply chain financing are accounts receivable financing, inventory financing and prepayment financing. In domestic practice, commercial banks or supply chain enterprises are the main participants in supply chain finance business. Because the research object of this series is supply chain enterprises, we mainly take supply chain enterprises as service providers when introducing supply chain financial models.
1. Accounts receivable financing
When the upstream enterprises provide credit sales to the downstream, which leads to slow recovery of sales money or difficult recovery of a large number of accounts receivable, when the upstream enterprises are not operating smoothly and there is a phased funding gap, financing can be carried out through accounts receivable. The financing mode of accounts receivable mainly refers to that upstream enterprises apply to supply chain enterprises for financing with accounts receivable as the repayment source in order to obtain funds, based on the accounts receivable generated by real contracts signed with downstream enterprises.
2. Inventory financing
Inventory financing mainly refers to mortgage financing with goods in the process of trade, which generally occurs when the enterprise has a large inventory or a slow inventory turnover, resulting in greater pressure and the enterprise uses the existing goods to cash out in advance. With the extension of participants and the innovation of services, there are various forms of inventory financing, mainly in the following three ways:
(1) static mortgage pledge. Enterprises use their own or legally owned inventory as mortgage loan business, and supply chain enterprises can entrust third-party logistics companies to supervise the mortgaged goods provided by customers and redeem them by remittance. In order to expand the scale of operation, enterprises can revitalize the backlog of funds through static goods pledge financing, and can carry out rolling operation after the redemption of goods.
(2) Dynamic mortgage and pledge. Supply chain enterprises can set a minimum value of goods for mortgage and pledge, and allow goods above the quota to leave the warehouse. Enterprises can barter goods, which is generally suitable for enterprises with stable inventory, consistent goods categories and easy verification of mortgaged and pledged goods.
(3) Warehouse receipt pledge. It can be divided into standard warehouse receipt pledge and ordinary warehouse receipt pledge, and the difference lies in whether the pledge is a futures delivery warehouse receipt. Among them, the standard warehouse receipt pledge refers to the financing business in which the enterprise takes the standard warehouse receipt legally owned by itself or a third party as the pledge, which is suitable for customers who buy and sell through the futures trading market and customers who hedge and avoid operational risks through the futures trading market.
3. Advance payment financing
On the basis of inventory financing, advance payment financing has been developed. On the premise that the buyer pays a certain deposit, the supply chain enterprises negotiate to pay the seller in full. After the seller delivers the goods according to the sales contract, the goods arrive at the designated warehouse, and the pledge is set as the guarantee of the advance payment.
4. What are the financing modes of supply chain finance?
There are three financing modes in supply chain finance: accounts receivable financing, inventory financing and advance payment.
1, accounts receivable financing:
When the recovery provided by upstream enterprises to the downstream is slow or a large number of accounts receivable are difficult to recover, the upstream enterprises are not smooth, and they can raise funds through accounts receivable when they have time. The mode of accounts receivable financing mainly refers to that in order to obtain funds, upstream enterprises apply to supply chain enterprises for financing based on accounts receivable generated from real contracts signed with downstream enterprises.
2、
Inventory financing mainly refers to the mortgage financing of goods in the process of trade, which generally occurs when the enterprise has a large inventory or slow inventory turnover, which leads to the enterprise using the existing goods to cash out in advance during the capital week. With the extension of participants and the innovation of services, the forms of inventory financing are very diverse, mainly in the following three ways: static mortgage and pledge. Judging from the current market situation, small and medium-sized enterprises can control their inventory in the process of inventory financing because of market price fluctuations or other factors, and in the procurement or sales stage, the inventory can be controlled by the whole supply chain. Therefore, it is easier for SMEs to carry out inventory financing through other channels. In addition, due to the coordination between upstream and downstream in general supply chain business, inventory turnover is worse than that in traditional trade financing.
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On the basis of inventory financing, advance payment financing has been developed. On the premise that the buyer pays a certain deposit, the supply chain enterprise will pledge the goods as the guarantee of the advance payment after delivering the goods to the sales contract. In the case of good product sales, the inventory turnover is faster, so most of the funds are concentrated in the prepayment stage, and the prepayment financing time covers the upstream production scheduling and transportation time, effectively alleviating the liquidity pressure and seamless docking of goods. "