Congenital conditions in both places. What we are talking about here is innate conditions in a broad sense, including both physical geography and historical politics. First, an overview of natural conditions. Anhui is 654.38+0.4 million square kilometers, and Zhejiang is 654.38+0 million. There are many plains in Anhui, and there are some mountainous areas in the south. Zhejiang is mountainous, with few plains in the north. Per capita arable land is more in Anhui and less in Zhejiang. In terms of resources, Anhui has coal, which is more than twice the sum of the provinces in the south of the Yangtze River (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi). There are also iron mines in Fanchang area and copper mines in Tongling area, and nothing else is very important. There are few important minerals in Zhejiang, but Zhoushan is rich in fishery and a small amount of mountain products, and nothing else is important. Second, the construction invested by the state cannot be regarded as special care for Anhui. Compared with the northeast and Shanghai, it is still much better than the southeast coast. The focus is on the coal mines in Huaibei, iron and steel in Maanshan, nonferrous metals in Tongling, petrochemical in Anqing, Bengbu and Wuhu. Moreover, Hefei, with zero science and education foundation, has become one of the four major science and education cities in China. For Zhejiang, the key investment is in Ningbo, one is cooperation with Beilun Port of Baosteel, and the other is Zhenhai Refinery, which is the largest in China. The Hangjiahu area only relies on the foundation of some textile industries before liberation, and there are few new constructions. For most parts of Zhejiang south of Hangzhou-Yong Line, poverty and poverty continued until the 1980s. As far as railways are concerned, Anhui has the densest railway network in East China (as it is today), including Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Kowloon, Huainan, Tong Ning, Anhui-Jiangxi and many branch lines.
There are only Shanghai-Hangzhou, Zhejiang-Jiangxi and Hangzhou-Yong lines in Zhejiang, and the others are zero. The local railways built by the two places, including Hejiu Railway and Jinwen Railway, are not included. Third, in terms of national policy support, the two places have never been the most valued places in the country. Before the reform and opening up, the focus was on the construction of the northeast and the third line, and the coastal area was Shanghai. At the beginning of reform and opening up, Zhejiang did not have a share in the four special zones. Later, as an open coastal city, there was a Ningbo in Zhejiang, but not in Anhui. Later, the state devoted its efforts to Pudong. Although Zhejiang is close, on the whole, it gets less and absorbs more. For example, Ningbo Port was replaced by a puzzling Yangshan Port, which originally belonged to Zhejiang. When Zhejiang private enterprises rose, most of their capital was raised by themselves, and they didn't get any practical benefits from Shanghai, but after they became bigger, many of them were poached by Shanghai. Although Anhui is separated from the so-called Yangtze River Delta by a strip of water, its benefits are very limited. At the beginning, Chery couldn't get the birth certificate, and was given a part of the shares to SAIC for free. It was difficult to start, but after it became bigger, Shanghainese wanted to play his mind again. Hong Kong businessmen invested heavily in the Pearl River Delta, and Zhejiang businessmen marched into Jiangxi, but Jiangsu and Shanghai did not play a very good role in promoting neighboring poor Anhui. From this point of view, both places are unlucky and can only get up by their own efforts. But why do some get up and some don't? Culture should be the most critical.
What is culture? When it comes to culture, some people think of Swan Lake staged in the Grand Theatre, some people talk about champion village, an imperial examination in a certain place in the past dynasties, some people talk about bottles and jars dug up in the soil hundreds of years ago, some people are pragmatic and think that discipline is culture, and some people say that more schools are needed to have culture. The culture referred to in this article has nothing to do with these. What is culture? Compared with material, what people have is called material, what people think is culture, as well as tall buildings, gold and silver treasures, beautiful cars and beautiful women. This is matter. Although I have nothing, I want to make progress, I want to get ahead, I want to work hard, and this is culture. In the final analysis, the current thinking of most people in a place determines the cultural outlook of this place. So what are Anhui people and Zhejiang people thinking? Suppose you catch an Anhui child with his eyes closed and ask him what he wants. Nine times out of ten, if he is from the countryside, he will say that I want to go out to work and then earn money to build a house and marry a wife. If you are a city dweller, most people will say, I want to study hard, then go to college, then go to Shanghai, and then go to work in a big company. If it is Zhejiang, the representative's idea is to do something, maybe bathhouse business and rabbit hair business, but he always wants to start a business and be a boss.
Of course not. My shallow thoughts are as follows: First, there are many big cities with factories and mines in Anhui, and they are evenly distributed and densely distributed, which has formed a bad demonstration role for the surrounding rural areas. For example, in the 1980s, all the farmers in Fuyang probably had relatives working in the state-owned coal mines in Huaibei, Huainan. They look forward to seeing those relatives live a carefree life in state-owned enterprises. Therefore, the overall cultural atmosphere in the region tends to encourage children to study, become soldiers or recruit people, so it is good to be able to enter the city. Of course, a few people can finally get in, but most people waste their energy, money and time on it. Therefore, many farmers in Anhui do not hesitate to give gifts equivalent to the family's income of ten years. However, in order for their sons to pass the physical examination as soldiers, many people have struggled for many years, but they have been able to change jobs. In contrast, in Zhejiang, people live in poor ravines and can't see any big cities. Even if there is, it is also a dilapidated small city in Zhejiang. Because the state has not given basic investment for a long time and no large enterprises have entered, it has not been interested in entering the city from the beginning. It is better to turn around and think about how to make money. If you are not careful, they will become the number one in the world. Second, an Anhui Ma Pingchuan is conducive to the destruction and poisoning of local culture by the Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward. During the special period of 1949- 1976, many bad ideas were widely and deeply spread in Anhui, including: official standard, one person gets the word, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven, politics takes the lead, department standard, and many remnants of traditional ideas in the coat of Marxism-Leninism were deeply popularized in Anhui, so a number of typical ones appeared in Anhui. Zhejiang is an abandoned place, and the central government is basically too lazy to take care of him or give him money, but it is not so tightly grasped ideologically. So many people in Zhejiang live a childless life in the mountains. As soon as conditions improve, the advanced ideas left behind will emerge from the cocoon and surge. The so-called ceremony is to ask the wild. That's the reason. Third, the first supplement, Anhui people want to enter the city, where there is demand, there is a market. Anhui's official oil and water at the same level should be much bigger than Zhejiang's (note: this article discusses the 1980s, because the two provinces parted ways, and it should have started at that time). On the one hand, the proportion of Anhui people who want to go to the city is higher than that of Zhejiang, on the other hand, the basic income of Anhui farmers should be higher than that of Zhejiang. Therefore, Zhejiang officials are not greedy, and even if they meet one, they are too poor to afford to scrape, so in the long run, officials will be weak. And Anhui, a small official with a little power, also has amazing profits, so he has to be an official even if he is killed, which also aggravates the vicious circle of Anhui elite abandoning business and entering politics as I said earlier.
Anhui's hope does not lie in the country's development of Anhui, in the fact that an Anhui person can come out to take power, in the fact that all Anhui talents from other places can come back to serve their hometown, in the fact that Wuhu or Fuyang in Hefei, Anhui Province, or anywhere else are doing well, in the fact that more universities have been built in Anhui Province, in the fact that Anhui people can give up their seats without complaining, and in the fact that Anhui can have a modern Bao Qingtian, but in the fact that all Anhui people want to be bosses. Of course, ideas and reality may be two different things. In fact, the poor state of Anhui culture is an objective fact. It is impossible to surpass Zhejiang at once, and even in the future. Only the two can develop to a considerable extent. However, at present, where is the hope of Anhui? It's the tramps, mind you, not migrant workers, not those little girls who work in Suzhou Park or Waigaoqiao and earn hundreds of dollars a month. They are doomed to have no future. It's not like those fake foreign devils in Anhui sit in office buildings and speak foreign languages every day, which makes little contribution to Anhui.