Since 1978' s reform and opening-up, the reform of state-owned enterprises has also entered a preliminary exploration stage, with the focus on "expanding power and making profits" and "separating the two powers".
2. Exploration stage: 1993 -2002.
The reform of state-owned enterprises began to "establish a modern enterprise system" in the 1990s after "throwing stones to ask for directions" in the 1980s. In the late 1990s, it experienced the pains brought by "grasping the big and letting the small go" and strategic restructuring.
3. Progress stage: 20/200212.
In the new century, with China's entry into WTO, the pace of state-owned enterprise reform tends to be "steady", and the focus shifts to the stage of state-owned assets management system reform.
4. Deepening stage: 20 13 till now.
20 13 with the establishment of the new government and the economy entering the "new normal", the government has put forward the strategy of comprehensively deepening reform, and the reform of state-owned enterprises has also entered the deep water area, paying more attention to the comprehensive deepening reform in supervision, property rights and management.
Extended data
The main classification of enterprise development
1, balanced development.
Balanced development can also be called steady development, mainly as follows:
The growth rate of business income is higher than the inflation rate.
Enterprises can pay management expenses, financial expenses, liquidity requirements, and have surplus for enterprise development investment.
The capital structure of the enterprise is reasonable, and the financial expenses do not exceed a certain standard.
2. Rapid development.
Excessive development refers to the rapid increase in turnover, and the corresponding increase in inventory and accounts receivable, and the latter two increase faster than turnover, and the demand for operating funds of enterprises increases, but enterprises do not have enough sources of funds to meet the growth of capital demand, thus causing difficulties in cash payment of enterprises.
3. Out-of-control development.
Out-of-control development refers to the rapid growth of market demand, and enterprises expect this growth to continue, so enterprises support this growth by borrowing, and the working capital is negative. Once the market demand is reduced, because the production capacity has been expanded and the fixed expenses have increased, enterprises have sales difficulties, and the capital structure is extremely unreasonable and difficult to change, leading to out-of-control development.
4. Debt development.
The profit of the enterprise is very low, but it is decided to invest heavily in debt, the working capital is positive, and the demand for working capital is greatly increased, but the profit growth of the enterprise is slow. This is an unbalanced and dangerous development. The self-development ability of enterprises is very low, but there are many loans.
5. Periodic development.
The development of enterprises changes with the change of economic cycle, such as metallurgical industry. In the period of economic expansion, enterprises develop rapidly and make good profits, while in the period of insufficient demand, profits decline and development is slow. The investment of such enterprises should be based on the long-term development trend and avoid getting into trouble because of the increase of fixed expenses of enterprises.
6. Low-speed development.
The profitability of enterprises is low, there is no new production capacity, no new products enter the market, the investment of enterprises has been recovered, and current assets and liabilities have not increased. These enterprises are very sensitive to competition and there is no guarantee for investment and development.
7. Slow development.
The active investment of enterprises has decreased, and the growth of enterprise turnover has slowed down, but the current assets of enterprises have still increased. It may be that the competitiveness of enterprise products is reduced, or it may be that the profitability of enterprises is reduced and it is difficult to reinvest. Some enterprises often rely on increasing foreign investment to solve this problem at this time.
Analyzing the development stage or state of an enterprise is helpful for us to make a more accurate evaluation of various financial indicators.
Public trust. Review of the reform of state-owned enterprises for more than 30 years: Top-level design comes out, opening a new chapter.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Enterprise Development