How do guarantee institutions analyze the financial statements of small and medium-sized enterprises?

The answer is obviously no, financial statements are a window to display enterprise information. Through financial statements, we can understand the integrity, sales and operation of enterprises. Although it is not standardized, we can still extract valuable information from it, discard the false and retain the true, and provide a basis for our guarantee decision. The following are some experiences summarized from practical work: 1. First, look at the enterprise's report roughly, including whether the ending number of the previous period is equal to the beginning number of the current period, whether the left and right sides of the report are equal, and whether the basic cross-checking relationship is correct. We will further verify and analyze the statements that have been checked correctly. 2, verify the key subjects in the report. The focus here mainly includes three categories: first, recurrent items, such as monetary funds, accounts receivable, inventory, short-term loans, main business income, etc.; Second, projects with abnormal changes in the amount, such as sudden increase and sudden decrease; Third, huge projects, accounting for more than 30% of assets. The verification of these projects helps us to judge the real financial situation of the enterprise. The following are specific verification methods for some important subjects. (1) main business income: this is the key in the guarantee business. Whether it can be guaranteed depends largely on the income of the main business of the enterprise. The amount of this account in the report should be verified by tax returns, bank statements, contracts, water and electricity bills, outbound orders and invoices. Only enterprises with stable main business, reliable income and sustainable development are our main customer base. (2) Accounts receivable: For SMEs, the impact of accounts receivable is far greater than that of ordinary enterprises. For accounts receivable, we should not only pay attention to the total amount, but also pay attention to the term structure, object structure, major customers and whether there are related parties. Pay attention to the contrast between the increase of accounts receivable and the increase of sales. If the former is much higher than the latter, it should have professional sensitivity and may be suspected of inflating assets. (3) Inventory: For small and medium-sized enterprises, inventory and accounts receivable often account for about half of total assets, so this subject should also be verified to prevent enterprises from inflating assets. During the on-site investigation, it is necessary to check the warehouse, estimate whether its value is in line with the report, analyze whether it is in line with the production and operation characteristics of the enterprise from the total amount, whether all kinds of inventory can ensure the smooth progress of the production and marketing links in structure, whether the increment is suitable for the scale of production and operation, and whether the products are marketable in quality. (4) Short-term loan: this course needs to check the loan records, and at the same time, combined with financial expenses, it can prove whether the liabilities of the enterprise are true. If the ratio of financial expenses to short-term loans is unreasonable and too high, there may be hidden liabilities. (5) Monetary funds: mainly including cash on hand and bank deposits. Check whether the bank deposit balance is basically consistent with the bank statement. If not, you can ask to check the bank statement of the enterprise to see if there are any outstanding items. At the same time, we should also know whether there are margin deposits in bank deposits and whether there are restrictions on their use. (6) Other receivables: When the amount is large or suddenly increases or decreases, it should be analyzed to find out whether the shareholders and affiliated enterprises occupy the enterprise funds, and whether there are false capital contributions or borrowing funds from external enterprises. (7) Other payables: mainly to know whether there are private loans, etc. 3. Analyze the ratio and trend of the verified report data. Analysis of the financial situation of an enterprise is mainly measured from four aspects: solvency, profitability, operational ability and growth ability. (1) solvency can be divided into short-term solvency and long-term solvency. Through the analysis of current ratio, quick ratio, asset-liability ratio, property right ratio and interest guarantee multiple, there is no unified standard for these indicators, and they are often analyzed in combination with different industries. (2) Profitability includes return on assets, return on net assets, profit rate on sales, net profit rate on sales and gross profit rate on sales. These indicators mainly reflect the profitability of total assets and net assets, as well as the proportion of sales profits in the overall profits. It is necessary to analyze the overall profit trend of enterprises and compare it with the industry average to judge the profitability of enterprises; (3) Operational capacity is mainly to examine the turnover capacity of accounts receivable and inventory, and to judge the turnover speed of enterprise assets. The faster the turnover, the better the enterprise benefits; (4) The growth ability is mainly analyzed by the growth rate of sales, capital and total assets. The stronger the growth ability, the stronger the enterprise strength and the faster the enterprise development. Enterprises with good ability in four aspects are our priority, and enterprises with poor ability in four aspects should be "shut out". In short, through the above "three steps", we can judge the current financial situation of the enterprise more accurately and provide the basis for our guarantee decision. In practice, we should pay special attention to the verification of sales revenue and grasp the main problems of enterprises through trend analysis. Source: Suzhou Guofa Guarantee Company closes the window.