Fast speed, deep depth and small deformation.
It can be welded at normal temperature or under special conditions, and the welding equipment is simple. For example, when the laser passes through the electromagnetic field, the beam will not deviate; Laser can be welded in vacuum, air and a certain gas environment, and can be welded through glass or materials transparent to the light beam.
Can weld refractory materials such as titanium and timely. It can weld dissimilar materials with good effect.
After laser focusing, the power density is high. When welding high-power devices, the depth-width ratio can reach 5: 1, and the highest can reach 10: 1.
Micro-welding can be performed. After the laser beam is focused, a small spot can be obtained and accurately positioned, which can be applied to the assembly and welding of tiny workpieces in mass automatic production.
Disadvantages:
It is required that the assembly accuracy of weldments should be high, and the position of the light beam on the workpiece should not be obviously offset. This is because after laser focusing, the spot size is small, the weld is narrow and full of metal materials. If the assembly accuracy of the workpiece or the positioning accuracy of the beam can not meet the requirements, it is easy to cause welding defects.
Laser and its related systems have high cost and large one-time investment.
Laser welding is an efficient and precise welding method using high energy density laser beam as heat source. This is an important aspect of laser material processing technology application. Generally, continuous laser beam is used to connect materials, and its metallurgical physical process is very similar to electron beam welding, that is, the energy conversion mechanism is completed through the "keyhole" structure. The equilibrium temperature in the cavity is about 2500 0C, and heat comes from the outer wall of the high-temperature cavity to melt the metal around the cavity. The pores are filled with high-temperature steam generated by the continuous evaporation of wall materials under the irradiation of light beams. The light beam keeps entering the pores, and the substances outside the pores keep flowing. With the movement of the light beam, the pores are always in a stable flow state. The molten metal fills the gap left by removing the small hole and condenses with it, and the weld is formed. ?